 3DFAQ v1.05  15.04.00.

  Internet:
3DFAQ:    http://members.xoom.com/brait/faq/3dfaq105.zip - 137Kb
3DTUTOR:  http://members.xoom.com/brait/faq/3dtut105.zip - 135Kb
 䠩:
www.saunalahti.fi/~nurbs/surender/info/3d_alex_grishanov_faq_v1_05.zip
www.saunalahti.fi/~nurbs/surender/info/3d_alex_grishanov_tutor_v1_05.zip

+ 㭪, ⬥祭 ⨬ ᨬ,    ।饩
  㡫樨 3DFAQ  ७樨 SU.RENDER.
* 㭪, ⬥祭 ⨬ ᨬ,    ।饩
  㡫樨 3DFAQ  ७樨 SU.RENDER.

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9. 稥 ணࠬ/:

9.1   3D-ணࠬ:
-----------------------------
  9.1.1    ணࠬ ⠪ - Houdini?
  9.1.2   ⠪ Renderman?
  9.1.3  , ᪠,  ⠭ RenderMan v3.9?
  9.1.4    3D-ணࠬ  Linux?

9.2   2D-ணࠬ:
-----------------------------
  9.2.1    ᪨ 㪢  Adobe Premiere v4.x?
  9.2.2   ⠪ 'Alpha channel'?     Adobe Photoshop?
  9.2.3    Adobe Premier v5.0 ⭠  "Make movie"?
  9.2.4    ⠢ Adobe PhotoShop  ᪨
         㪢!   㣨 ணࠬ ⮦ ⨬ ࠤ. 
         ?
  9.2.5    Adobe Premiere ᤥ 饥 logo (⥪ -
         )  䮭  ⨭?  ⮡ १ ન  㪢
          alpha-    䮭 (ન  '', '' 
         ..)
  9.2.6    Adobe Premiere   ⤥ ஢,  
          ⨭   30 ஢!  ᤥ
         ஢ ⨭?
  9.2.7  ,  pp,  pᨢ p p⮬ -
          ᫮.  -  뫮  , - 㪮
         ⥯ 﫨!  ᤥ?
  9.2.8  H ᪠,    ਨ Autodesk Animator  
         2D- (animation)   PC  ᥣ 
         ।⥫쭮 ᯮ짮?
  9.2.9  ,   讯     
         订 横 ⨭,    .

9.3 ࠢ⥫ ࠪ⨪:
---------------------------------
  9.3.1    ᬮ ᪮ ࠪ⨪ ஢?
  9.3.2  ᪠ ஡  3Dfx, OpenGL, RenderGL  RenderXL.
  9.3.3    OpenGL- ᮢ 㡪 ?
  9.3.4  த,  : 3DS Max, LW, SI  Maya?
  9.3.5  ⥫    䥥 ⥫쭮 ࠢ
          ⮢.    .

9.4   Internet':
-------------------------
  9.4.1   ,   Internet'   ⨭ 
         ७樨 FIDO7.SU.RENDER, 娢 ᥬ, ᢥ 
         3DFAQ  3DTUTOR?
  9.4.2   ७樨 SU.RENDER  ᢮ WWW-ࢥ?
  9.4.3  ,   ᬮ ⨭  
         SU.RENDER?
  9.4.4    ७樨  news-㯯 ᮢ ,
           IRC- 室?
  9.4.5    Inet'  3D-쪨 p, ⨯ ⠬ 孨,
          ..?
  9.4.6    ⥬,    業 㯠  Internet
         (  WWW    FTP 室),   ⮫쪮
         ⠭ E-Mail?

9.5 ଠ  3D-:
----------------------------
  9.5.1    ᯮ짮  ᪮쪮 ᢮ 㦨 3D-
          ⮢  ᢮ ᪨ ࠡ?
  9.5.2   ஡, ᤥ , export  RIB,  BMRT 襫
          20- 訡 -    祪,  ,  
         ᫮  ']' ⮨,    易⥫ ࠬ.
           १ ᪠ "Rendering model.tif"  १
         ਬ୮ 2  㯠...
  9.5.3  ,      3D-?
  9.5.4    ணࠬ ᮧ 3D- (,
         ਬ)  ⮣䨨?
  9.5.5    ࠡ 죨, ᯮ ᢮ 3D-⢮?

9.6 ⥬ :
----------------------
  9.6.1   樮 ⥬ ᠬ ⮩稢/筠?
  9.6.2   ⠢ Windows NT ࠡ  ᪨ ⠬?  
          3DS Max  ⮢ "Arial",    ᪮...
  9.6.3    ⨬஢ ᪮ ࠡ  業, 
         ?

9.7  䥪:
----------------------
  9.7.1   ᤥ אַ 㣮  NURBS Curve?
  9.7.2    ୮ ஫ ᤥ 䥪 25- ""
         ?
  9.7.3     䥪 "୮ 窠", ⮡ 
          室  業?
  9.7.4   㭪 1.2.12 ⮣ 3DFAQ ᠭ,   3DS Max 
         ᬮ஢     ᬮ.   㣨
         ணࠬ  ᮢ?
  9.7.5  ,   ᭨.   ᤥ  ࠬ?
  9.7.6   ⠪ "䥪 ७"?
  9.7.7   ,  ਢ ᬮ஢ ᢥ饭 
         ᮮ⢥⢨  ॠ묨 ᢥ⥫묨 ਡࠬ, 
          㯨  ?    魮 ॠ쭮
            筮 ந  3D.
  9.7.8     ᪨ ଠ PNG?  祬  २⢠,
            ⠪  ?
  9.7.9         
         ஥.   ?
  9.7.10  ᪠ ,   VRML ?
  9.7.11   䨫쬠 ப ᯮ짮 ୠ 䨪?
+ 9.7.12     "Pyromania"?  ,   뢠,
           ⠬?

9.8   ७樨 SU.RENDER:
------------------------------------
  9.8.1   ࠢ ᢮ ⨭  ?
  9.8.2   ᬮ ⨭  ?
  9.8.3    ᤥ ᮢ ஥ १ su.render?

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9-1-1
Q:   ணࠬ ⠪ - Houdini?

A:  ⢥: Lev Jarushin
   ⪮  ⨭.  ᪮쪮  ,   䨪  䨫쬠
   "", " 㫨"  "⠪", ⨪ "ਭ "
   . 祭  ।. ᭮   ⠪ 뢠
   楤㠫쮣 室  ᮧ 3D 業 -   業
   ।⠢   楯窨 ⢨,   ⬠.
     㬥樨:
     "ਬ ⮡ ਣ⮢ ᥭ,  믮 ᫥
      ᫥⥫쭮 蠣:  嫥, १ , 
      稭,   䮫.    ⢨ 
      Houdini 㤥 룫拉 ⠪: 㧨 䠩  嫥,
        १, ꥤ  稭  ਬ
      ਠ  १.  २⢮ ᯮ짮
      ⠪ 楯窨     ⠤
         ६. ᫨   ࠢ 嫥,  
        蠣 ' 嫥'   ,  ।뢠
       ஥."

    樠 ᯨ᮪ ⥫ ⥩:
   + 쭠 孮 楤㠫쭮 ஢ SOP ,
           ᮡ   .
   +  ⥬ , ਬ ⠪  L-⥬ - 
          ࣠᪨  (⢨ ॢ쥢, ,
         嫮 ᭥),  Particle-⥬ ( ᮧ 묠, 
          뫨).
   + ⥣஢  ࠡ⠥  , ⠡,
         묨 Beizer  NURBS'.
   + ஥    ਯ   樨.
   + ন   ଠ,  : .geo, .bgeo,
         .poly, .bpoly, .sdl, .med, .eps, .dxf, .obj, .iv, .ifd,
          .rib.
   + ᮪⢥ ७ Mantra, 뢮  RenderMan
         (ᯥ䨪 ७஢ Pixar'a - 뢠 ꥪ,
         襩  ८ࠧ. ਬ PRman  BMRT)

   ⢥ ࢮ ⫥ ⠪ -  ⪮ 祭, 
   㠫 㤭  - ᤥ.  室 ਠ,
     ⠪  ⢨ᠫ 祫  諮 ਢ뢠....
    楫 饭  ࠢ ᬨ᪨ ࠡ - ⮫쪮
    ࠬ஢.

   ॡ Win'NT/Unix,400 Mb HDD,  128  , OpenGL
    ०  (!) 1280x1024 15bpp.     㡠  .
   ⭮  ࢠ ணࠬ,  ⠢ 祭 ᨫ쭮
      祭 ⮩ , ...

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9-1-2
Q:  ⠪ Renderman?

A:  ⢥: Lev Serebryakov
   H ᪠   RenderMan. ᪠  孮
   RenderMan Interface.
   ଠ Pixar (www.pixar.com) ࠧࠡ⠫ 䥩  ७, 
     RenderMan Interface, ॠ   
   RenderMan  㬥஢ ( 㬥    ᠩ).
    RM-compatible ७  㬥    맮
   C-⥪ ( , 䠪᪨   ।஬/
   ஬ 業)   ⥪⮢ 䠩 ᠭ 業 (RIB-
   䠩).
    ⫨ ७ (freeware  ࠭祭ﬨ) BlueMoon
   Rendering Tool (BMRT), , த , ମ ਣ쭮
   RenderMan',    RayTrace' + Radiocity (RenderMan 
   㬥   RayTrace).   ᪮쪮 ᪨
   ७஢,   ⠭ ( , 筮, ᠬ RenderMan).
    ⮣,   ७ RebderMan' ( BMRT), 㦭 
   業  ଠ RIB.   ଠ 㬥,  ਬ,
   ᯮ஢ Rhinoceros 3D.     㣨 ஢.
     -  MTOR.
   ᭮ ஡  RIB -  襩ࠬ (ਠ). 
   孮 ७   ᯥ樠 楤, ᠭ
    C- 몥 (    ⠭ RIB).
    ࠧ,  ⥪ - 楤.
    RIB-ᮢ⨬ ७  让  ⠭
   襩஢ - ⨪ (梥⭮   ⥪ன  䠩), ⠫,
   騩 ⠫.  , 襩ࠬ ॠ 筨 ᢥ
   ( ⠭ - Ambieint, Constant, Spot, Point) 
   displacement-襩 -  ,  ५. ⠭ 
   ५ .

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9-1-3
Q: , ᪠,  ⠭ RenderMan v3.9?

A:  ⢥: Eugene Koproff
   諮 ᫨誮   ᫠   뫮 - ⮬
     .

   ⠭ Renderman 3.9 beta:
     1. ᯠ Pixar Renderman   ४
        ( setup.exe...).

     2. ᫥ ⮣,  ணࠬ 뫠 ᯥ譮 ⠭,
        ᪮  'license.dat'  'pixard.exe' 
        ४ 'c:\pixar\prman\etc'.

     3. ன "Start"->"Control Panel"->"System"->"Environment",
         㤠 ப:
          Variable = RMANTREE
          Point = c:\pixar\prman
          PATH = c:\pixar\prman\bin

     4. ன  DOS,    ப:
          cd c:\pixar\prman\etc\
          lmutil.exe lmhostid

     5.  12  ID.

     6. ன 'license.dat'   "Notepad",  
        "your_machine_name"   襣   , 
        '000000000000'   ID, ࠭ 䠩.

   ⠭  FlexLM:

     1. ⠭ FlexLM Server, ᫨     .

     2. ன  DOS,    ப (
        ப):
           cd c:\pixar\prman\etc\installs -c c:\pixar\prman\etc\
             license.dat -e c:\pixar\prman\etc\lmgrd.exe

     3. ன "Start"->"Control Panel"->"FlexLM",  
        ࢥ 窮 "Start".

     4.  ४ਨ 'c:\pixar\prman\etc\setup\'  ⮢
        業, ஡  . ᫨  㢨 ⨭ -
          ᯥ譮 ⠭ Renderman 3.9 beta, c 祬  
        ࠢ.

    ⠭, ᫨  DOS-ᨨ 'lmutil.exe lmhostid' 
   뤠 12  ID:

     1.  "Start"->"Run"->"Regedit".

     2. ன   "Edit"->"Find",   ᪠ ப
        "Client ID" ( 祪).  ࠢ   㢨
         ப . ᫥ 12  -     ID.

    ⠭, ᫨  ७  ࠢ 뤠 訡 'R50005':
     1. ३  ४ 'C:\WINNT'.

     2. ன 䠩 'WIN.INI'   "Notepad".

     3.  ᫥饥 । ᥪ樥 "[RAD Video Tools]":

==== Begin: WIN.INI ====
[Pixar]
RenderManVersion = 3.9
RMANTREE=D:\PIXAR\Prman\

#
# PhotoRealistic RenderMan configuration defaults.
# See the User's Manual for a complete description.
#
/errorpath ${RMANTREE}/etc/messages
/licensefile ${RMANTREE}/etc/license.dat
/displaytype/framebuffer ${RMANFB-windows}
/displaytype/file tiff
/display/dso/it ${RMANTREE}/etc/d_socket.so
/display/dso/combiner ${RMANTREE}/etc/d_socket.so
/display/dso/slim ${RMANTREE}/etc/d_socket.so
/display/dso/composer ${RMANTREE}/etc/d_alias.so
/display/externserver ${RMANTREE}/etc/dspysrvr
/dspyserver ${RMANTREE}/etc/dspysrvr -hostclient rman-display
# /display/dsopath /usr/yourdisplaydrivers/etc/
/display/standarddsopath ${RMANTREE}/etc/
display/dsomapping d_%s.so
/display/socket/socketapp it
/display/socket/socketport 4001
/display/socket/itapp it
/display/socket/itport 4001
/display/socket/combinerapp combiner
/display/socket/combinerport 4002
/display/socket/slimapp none
/display/socket/slimport 4003
/standardshaderpath ${RMANTREE}/lib/shaders
/standardtexturepath ${RMANTREE}/lib/textures
/standardvfxmasterpath ${RMANTREE}/look/masters
/standardvfxinstancepath ${RMANTREE}/look/instances
/shaderpath .:@
/texturepath .:@
/prman/shadingrate 1.0
/prman/gridsize 256
/prman/texturememory 10240
/prman/bucketsize 16 16
/display/tiff/rowsperstrip 32
# Turn on pixar full image tags
/display/tiff/fullimage yes
==== End: WIN.INI ====

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9-1-4
Q: - 3D-ணࠬ  Linux?

A: 3DGO ElectroGIG -    ᮧ 嬥୮ 䨪. 
   祣 筮,  ⠪ ?  ஢  PC  
   SGI.  த 㦥 ⠫ 筮 ?   - 3DGO ࠡ⠥
     Windows,  饥 設⢮ ᪨ ⮢
    PC,   OS Linux -  㦥 ᠬ  ᥡ 筮. 
   ⮣ -  ࠪ᪨ ⢥ ᨮ  
   ⮢ 嬥୮ 䨪, 騩  Linux'.  
     ५,    祬       
   LW,  Max',   Si  Maya. 樠쭠 業  1 
   ⮨ ᬥ 죨 - $99.   ஡ ଠ樥
   頩  www.gig.nl. (ࠢ  㦥   ⢥砥)

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9-2-1
Q:   ᪨ 㪢  Adobe Premiere v4.x ?

A:  ᯮᮡ ⮩.   ⥪   Windows-
   ணࠬ, ন饩 ஢  Clipboard (ਬ
   WordPad  NotePad), ᪮஢  ⥪   ᠬ
   Clipboard ( 蠬 'Ctrl+Insert',   १
   "Copy"   ),  ⮬ ᪮஢  ⥪ 
   Clipboard   ,   Premier' 㦭 
   ᪨ ⥪ ( 樥  'Shift+Insert').

   ன ᯮᮡ ᫮.  ࠡ⠥  ⮫쪮  Premiere v4.2.
          ࠡ...
    䠩 'H-TITL.PRM'   '0000B90B' 祭 BEh 
     祭 B6h.

     . 㭪 9.8.1 ⮣ 3DFAQ.

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9-2-2
Q:  ⠪ 'Alpha channel'?     Adobe Photoshop?

A: 'Alpha channel', ?  ⢥ ᫮ (஬ 'RGB') 
   ⨭,  । ஧筮/஧筮
   ࠦ  㦭 . ,   ⮬ ᫮ ⮨ 窠
    梥, ⠬ ⨭ ஧筠. ..  'RGB' ⮩ 窨
     梥⮢ ⠢  ਡ/⭨.  
   ᫨ ⠬ ( 'Alpha') ⮨ ୠ 窠,  窠 ࠦ 
   ⮬   ஧筠... ..    'RGB'
   ⮣ ࠦ, ஥ 室  ⮩ 窨.  
   ᮮ⢥⢥ ᫨ 'Alpha'-窠  ஬ 梥 
     ,   ஧筮 㤥   ஧/
   ஧.... (..  梥 窨 ࠦ 㤥  㦭
   ய樨 ਬ蠭 梥 窨, 室饩  ⮣
   ࠦ).

A:  Adobe Photoshop v4.0/v5.0 :
   뤥  ࠦ (   "Select"->"All", 
    'Ctrl+A'),  誥 "Layers/Channels/Paths" ३ 
    "Channels" ( १   "Window"->"Show
   Channels"),   ⮣    "Save selection as
   channel".    .     㤥 'Alpha'-
   ....  窠  'Alph-channel' ᮮ⢥
   ஧筮 ࠦ.
   , ࠭ ⠪ ⨭ 㦭  ଠ, ন饬
   'Alpha'-: GIF (xxx.GIF); TARGA (xxx.TGA); TIFF (xxx.TIF);
   Adobe PSD (xxx.PSD).

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9-2-3
Q:   Adobe Premier v5.0 ⭠  "Make movie"?

A:    "File"->"Export"->"Movie".

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9-2-4
Q:   ⠢ Adobe PhotoShop  ᪨ 㪢!
     㣨 ணࠬ ⮦ ⨬ ࠤ.  ?

A:  ,  ୮,  ୮.  ⢮ ணࠬ,
   ᮧ⥫   ॢ  ⢮ ᪨
   몮. ᠤ 譮,    ᯮ ᯠ
    짮⥫...
   ! ⨢ ⠪ ணࠬ  訩, "" ⮤
   ਭ㤨⥫쭮 䨪樨. 砥   ⮬, ⮡
   ⠢ Windows'9x/Windows'NT   ᪫ (1251)
   ᭮,  ᠬ , ᯮ㥬  㬮砭. .. 
   ⠭⭮ ᪮ "Western"-᪫ (1252) ਭ㤨⥫쭮
   砥 ᪠.
     ᠭ ⠪ ⮤ 䨪樨 .  㭪 9.6.2
   ⮣ 3DFAQ.

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9-2-5
Q:   Adobe Premiere ᤥ 饥 logo (⥪ -)
    䮭  ⨭?  ⮡ १ ન  㪢  alpha-
       䮭 (ન  '', ''  ..)

A:  ⢥: Vladimir Ostapchenko
    㦠 ᢮ ᫥⥫쭮 ⨭,  㦭
     "All files" (" 䠩")  ".TGA",  ".tga
   sequence".  㤥 ࠡ ᫥⥫쭮   AVI-誮.
    १ 㦭 ⠢ "Alpha matte".

A:  ⢥: Sergey Kasatikoff
   "Alpha Channel" -  ⥫  ଠ樨. 쬨 
   ਬ TGA  ⨭   alpha-,  Premiere ⥡
   筮 㤥 ⠢   (BackGround)  "Video 1",
   㪢  alpha- (Letters+Alpha) -  "Video 2", ⮬
   饫 ࠢ 襩   "Video 2"  襬 
    "Video"->"Transparency",   誥 "Key Type:" 㪠
   㭪 "Alpha Channel". ᫨  ⥡ "Alpha"   ⥫
   ,  ⤥ 䠩,     "Alpha Matte". 
   ⥡ 㦭   .  "Video 1"  ᢮
   BackGround,  "Video 2"  ᢮ Letters,   "Video 3"
   Letters-Alpha  ᫮ Letters   "Video"->"Transparency"
   㪠뢠 "Track Matte". .

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9-2-6
Q:   Adobe Premiere   ⤥ ஢,   
   ⨭   30 ஢!  ᤥ ஢
   ⨭?

A:    "File"->"Preferences"->"General"->"Still
   Image", ⠢  "Default Duration" 祭 1.

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9-2-7
Q: ,  pp,  pᨢ p p⮬ -
   ᫮.  -  뫮  , - 㪮 ⥯
   﫨!  ᤥ?

A:  ⢥: Andrey Belyaevsky
   ᫨  ⥡ 4- Adobe AfterEffects,   ᤥ,    
    ⠪:
     1. p _H_! (᫨ ⠪ ,  .2,   
        㤥).
     2. p .    ᫮.   "Window"->"Plug-in
        Palette"->"Motion Sketch",  稭  
        .  pp 㦭 㪢 "". ﭥ ᫮  pp
        ⮩ 㪢.  "Transform"->"Position" ⮣ ᫮ 砥
        p 祩 (  p  ).
        H  - 㪢 p (  ),  
        ⭮ 祪 p.     p㥬:
        뤥塞   "Time Layout"    "Window"->"Plug-in
        Palette"->"The Smoother". ⠢ ⠬  p "Tolerance"=2,
        pp ( ᨬ  p⥩ ),  
        "Apply".  pp  ᯫ, p p㫨p
        ⠭p묨 ⮤ - p㪠!   饬 㪢
        ᣫ.
        H   - - ᫮,   .  
        ᫥騬 p: ᮧ ᫮,  p 㤥 pᮢ
        㪮.   "Effect"->"Stylize",  롨p  ⮣
        ᫮ 䥪 "Write-on".   p,  ⥡ .
        : ᪮p   "Position" p ᫮  "Brush
        Position" 䥪 "Write-on" p ᫮.  ⠪:
        뤥 p ᫮,   "Layer"->"Keyframe Assistant"->
        "Motion Math". 뢠 ,  p   "Layer1"
        p "Solid 2",  "Property" p "Write-on"->"Brush
        Position", ⥬  "Layer2" p "Solid1",   "Property"-
        "Position"   "Apply".
         p   "Positon" ࢮ ᫮ 뢠 
        "Write-on"->"Position" p ᫮. p p
        "Write-on"  ⥡ 㣮   ⠢   
        ,  ᯮ  ᫮  p  
        ⢮  p祭  㪢.

     饬  .     ᪮ p .
   p   㪢 ⠪ ᤥ . Hpp p "",
    墮⨪  ᫮.

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9-2-8
Q: H ᪠,    ਨ Autodesk Animator  
   2D- (animation)   PC  ᥣ 
   ।⥫쭮 ᯮ짮?

A:  ⢥: Sergey Kapitsyn
   1) Autodesk Animator Pro.   . DOS, 256
      梥⮢. 㬠,    ᭮!
   2) Autodesk Animator Studio. 梥, Windows. ମ 
       ⪨. 室 ⮫쪮  ᮧ 쪨
      (  ᥪ㭤) 権.  쭮 
      ॡ.
   3) Toonz. H ,  .
   4) Aura. Hᠭ ⥬  ॡ⠬,   LightWave 3D.
        ࠤ樮 ਢ।  ᠬ த.
       祭 墠.
   5) Animo.  த  2D-樨.   
      㯥  NT,   ᪮쪮 १ . 
      ࠡ   ஢, ⠪   ୮ 䨪, 
      ᭮ ᪥⮢. H ⮢  ,    
      ஬.

A:  ⢥: Alexey Smirnoff
    wintel p (뤥 - warezed, ):
  >www.animo.com               Animo v2.0                       NT
  >www.yogurt-tek.com          Archer v1.0                      95/NT
  >www.newtek.com              Aura v1.0d                       95/NT
  >www.cratersoftware.com      Cartoon Television Program v1.2  95/NT
   www.creatoon.com            Creatoon v1.0.8.10 (beta)        95/NT
  >www.cosmigo.com/promotion   Pro Motion v4.0                  95/NT
   www.retas.com               Retas! PRO                       95/NT
  >www.divideo.it/toonz/       Toonz 4.2                        NT
   www.toonboom.com            USAnimation v4.5                 NT
   ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/axa/
   ----------                  AXA Studio Professional Edition  ?

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-2-9
Q: ,   讯      订
   横 ⨭,    .

A:  ⢥: Dmitry O. Kolomiets
   ࠧ ᪠,   , ᫨ ⥡ 㦥   ⠩
    㣮,  ⢮ ⥪  묨 ﬨ,  ⮫쪮
   窠 (   ᫮):

   /   订 ⥪ ⠭묨 ।⢠:/
    ⮤ 室  த 㬫 ⥪, ⠩
   , ᪠, ᪠  ࠫ쭮 ॢ 쬠 ஡筮, ⠬
   㦭 㣨 ⮤,  ᥣ ᢮   ⤥쭮
   .

     1.  ⥪ઠ, ࠧ ᪠,  ⥫쭮 
        _H JPEG_  ⥫  ࠭ ⥪, ।祭
         订 ⠩,  JPEG.
        ࠭  JPEG (  100%- ⢮!) 
        ਢ    ࠭   ⥪ (
            ࠦ   ⭮
        ( ⭮)  ࠧ襭 8-).
        筮  ࠢ ଠ TIFF (ᦠ⨥  LZW).

     2. ⥫쭮 Crop' (१) ⥪  ⭮
        ࠧ襭, ⮡ ⢮ "᫥"  X  Y 
         2 (⠪   ࠡ 㤮). ,  
        ᪮  ਭ ⥪ X   
           Y.

     3.   "Filters"->"Other"->"Offset",  ᬥ饭 
        ⨪  Y/2 (_⨭/2).   
        "Wrap Around".

     4.  ਧ⠫ 订, ६ "Rubber Stamp" (ࠩ
        ⥫쭮  " ", ⮡ 订 
        "뫨"), ⭥쪮 ᮢ뢠 订.

     5.   "Filters"->"Other"->"Offset",  ᬥ饭 
        ⨪  Y/2, 頥 ⥬ ᠬ ⥪  .
           "Wrap Around".

     6.   "Filters"->"Other"->"Offset",  ᬥ饭 
        ਧ⠫  X/2 (ਭ_⨭/2),  筮
        .4-5. , -    "Wrap Around".

     㤮⮢  ⢨ 袠, ᤢ ⥪  
   X/2  Y/2, , ਬ,  X/4 Y/4 ,  砥 祣, ࠢ.

Q:  p,  ᠬ ᯮᮡ p⮩  ,  ⮫쪮  ⠫
   ...  p  ⮦  ᮢ?    ᮢᥬ
   p室 p "Spherical Map", p     p
   묨  ,      pp樮쭮 p 
     p?

A:  ⢥: Dmitry O. Kolomiets
   /  祭   订 ⥪  ᪮
     ⠭묨 ।⢠:/
     ᯮᮡ, 騩    㯫⭥
    ᪮   ⥪  த ன
   (⨯ ࠪ⠫ 㬮),  ⥪ ਬ୮   ࠧ 
   ⪮.

   ࠧ ᪠,   ᯮᮡ ॡ ७ ᮢ (
   1024512 ⥫쭮 128Mb RAM).   ⤠ 讯 (⥫쭮
   5.0.2) 業⮢ 90 , ࠧ ᢮   ᪨  ..

     1.  ⥪,  ய ࠧ襭 2:1 (᪠ 1024512)
        "Image"->"Image Size", ⪫砥 "Constant Proportions",
        砥 "Resample",   "Print Size" 롨ࠥ
         "Width"  "Height"  "percent",    ⠢
        200  400 ᮮ⢥⢥,  "Resamle Image" ⠢ "Nearest
        Neighbor",  "OK", ⥯ ⢮ ⥪ઠ ⠫
        ⭮.  "Edit"->"Purge"->"All",  ᢮
         .

     2. "Filter"->"Distort"->"Polar Coordinates", 砥
        "Rectangular To Polar",  "OK".  "Edit"->"Purge"->
        "All.   (,  ᭠㦨 㣠, ⥡  ),
         業  㯫⭥,  "Rubber Stamp"  "Magic
        Wand" (᫥ 樮쭮),     
          業 㣠   ࠤᠬ,    ᪠
         ⥪஢,   ୮ 㡨ࠥ 㯫⭥ 
        ⨪ 订 (     ࢮ砫쭮
        ⥪ன  ४  㤠 ᪮쪮 窮, 
        㯫⭥  業,   ⠪ - 㯫,  㦥
        ᯮᮡ ).  "Edit"->"Purge"->"All" (᫨
         ४,  뢠 'CTRL-E' , 
        ন ᫮).

     3. "Filter"->"Distort"->"Polar Coordinates", 砥 "Polar
        To Rectangular", "OK", "Edit"->"Purge"->"All".

     4. "Image"->"Rotate Canvas"->"Flip Vertical", "Edit"->"Purge"->
        "All.

     5.  㭪 2-4.

     6. "Image"->"Image Size", ⪫砥 "Constant Proportions",
        砥 "Resample",   "Print Size" 롨ࠥ
         "Width"  "Height"  "percent",    ⠢
        50  25 ᮮ⢥⢥,  "Resamle Image" ⠢ "Nearest
        Neighbor" ( 㦥  ஡ Bicubic,  ᪮॥
        ᥣ  ⮫쪮 㬥 ⪮),  "OK", ⥯ ⢮
        ⥪ઠ  ⠫ 1024512.

     7. ஢  稥 ⨪쭮 (⮫쪮 ⨪쭮)
        袠 "Filter"->"Other"->"Offset", "Horisontal 512", "Warp
        Around", ᪮॥ ᥣ ⠬ 㤥 ⮭ 订, 㡨ࠥ 
         "Filter"->"Other"->"Offset", "Horisontal 512", "Warp
        Around".

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-3-1
Q:   ᬮ ᪮ ࠪ⨪ ஢?

A:  ⢥: Alex Grishanov
   , ᬮ....
    㪠 ६  㫥  業 'KTX_RAYS.MAX' 
   ⠭⭮ ⠢ 3DS Max v1.x,   ᠭ
   ⠭. , '+'   '' 砥 'OverClocking'
   (⠭ 襭  /⥬ 設 
   ⨦ 襩 ந⥫쭮).

----------------------------------------------------------------------
     ..          L2 M-board  Chip   ६
PentiumIII 450  2  450 100 512      NT4sp4 512                 0:01:34
PentiumII 333   2 +350 100 128SDRAM NT4sp3 512  Gigabyte440 BX 0:02:03
PentiumIII 450  1  450 100 128      Win98  512                 0:03:00
Pentium Pro 200 2  200  66 256             512          440 FX 0:03:06
Pentuim Pro 180 2  180  60 64 DIMM  NT Server           440 FX 0:03:24
PentiumII 350   1  350 100 64 SDRAM Win98  512  Tecram  440 BX 0:03:54
PentiumII 300   1  300  66 64 EDO   Win95                      0:03:56
Celeron 300A    1  300  66 64 SDRAM WIN98  128  Tecram  440 BX 0:04:28
PentiumII 266   1  266  66 64 EDO          512                 0:04:31
Celeron 266     1 +375     98 SDRAM NT4sp3                     0:04:37
PentiumII 233   1  233  66 64 EDO   ORS2.1 512          430 LX 0:05:01
Pentium Pro 240 1  240  60 64                           440 FX 0:05:22
Celeron 266     1 +300     98 SDRAM NT4sp3                     0:05:28
Pentium Pro 200 1          64                                  0:06:05
Pentium Pro 200 1  200  66 32       NT4                 440 FX 0:06:13
Pentium 133     2  133  66                              430 HX 0:06:38
Pentium 200 MMX 1  200  66 32 EDO                              0:06:59
AMD K6(2) 300   1  300 100 64 SDRAM OSR2        LuckyStar VIA  0:07:17
Pentium 166 MMX 1 +180  60 32 EDO          512  Tomato  430 HX 0:07:43
Pentium 166 MMX 1  166  66 32 EDO          512  Tomato  430 HX 0:08:15
Pentium 166 MMX 1 +200     64 SDRAM NT4sp3                     0:08:49
Pentium 200     1  200  66 64       NT                         0:09:28
Pentium 200     1  200  66                                     0:09:38
Pentium 166     1 +166  83 64       NT4                        0:09:52
Pentium 166     1 +166  83 32 SDRAM NT4    256  FIC-501 430 VX 0:09:56
Pentium 166     1  166  66 32 EDO   NT4 BETA                   0:10:37
Pentium 166     1  166  66 64 EDO   NT4    512          430 HX 0:11:04
Pentium 150     1  150  60 32       NT4                        0:11:53
Pentium 133     1  133  66 32       OSR2                       0:12:56
Pentium 120     1  120  60 32 EDO          512  Tomato  430 HX 0:13:40
Pentium 100     1  100  66 64 EDO   Win95  512          430 FX 0:15:47
Pentium 133     1  133  66 64       NT4sp4      ASUS           0:15:58
Pentium 100     1  100  66 32       NT4 BETA                   0:18:45
Cx 6x86-PR166+  1  133  66 32 EDO          512  Tomato  430 HX 0:18:56
AMD 5x86-160    1          24 EDO   Win95                      0:23:35
AMD 5x86-133    1  100  66 16 EDO   Win95                      0:29:31
i486DX4-100     1  100  33 24 EDO   NT4    256          Opti   0:41:58

 3DS Max v1.2  ਭ᪮  ASUSTek TX97-E:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
     ..          L2 M-board  Chip   ६
Pentium 166 MMX 1 +266  75 64 EDO   OSR2.1 512  ASUS    430 TX 0:05:31
Pentium 200 MMX 1 +225  75 64 EDO   OSR2.1 512  ASUS    430 TX 0:06:09
Pentium 200 MMX 1  200  66 64 EDO   OSR2.1 512  ASUS    430 TX 0:06:55
Pentium 200 MMX 1  200  66 64 EDO   NT4    512  ASUS    430 TX 0:07:23
AMD K6-PR2-233  1  233  66 64 EDO   NT4    512  ASUS    430 TX 0:08:16
AMD K6-PR2-233  1  233  66 64 EDO   OSR2.1 512  ASUS    430 TX 0:08:43
AMD K6-PR2-200  1  200  66 64 EDO   NT4    512  ASUS    430 TX 0:09:33
Pentium 200     1  200  66 64 EDO   OSR2.1 512  ASUS    430 TX 0:09:36
AMD K6-PR2-200  1  200  66 64 EDO   OSR2.1 512  ASUS    430 TX 0:10:15
Pentium 166     1  166  66 64 EDO   NT4    512  ASUS    430 TX 0:10:31
Pentium 166     1 +180  60 64 EDO   OSR2.1 512  ASUS    430 TX 0:10:43
Pentium 166     1  166  66 64 EDO   OSR2.1 512  ASUS    430 TX 0:10:49
AMD K5-PR166    1  166  66 64 EDO   NT4    512  ASUS    430 TX 0:14:29
AMD K5-PR166    1  166  66 64 EDO   OSR2.1 512  ASUS    430 TX 0:14:51
Pentium 100     1  100  66 64 EDO   NT4    512  ASUS    430 TX 0:15:37
AMD K5-PR133    1  100  66 64 EDO   NT4    512  ASUS    430 TX 0:16:46
AMD K5-PR133    1  100  66 64 EDO   OSR2.1 512  ASUS    430 TX 0:17:04
AMD K5-PR100    1  100  66 64 EDO   OSR2.1 512  ASUS    430 TX 0:18:38

 3DS Max v2.5:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
     ..          L2 M-board  Chip   ६
Pentium II 400  2  400  66 128SDRAM NT4    512  Gateway        0:01:47
Pentium II 350  2  350 100 196SDRAM NT4sp3 512  SOYO    440 BX 0:01:55
Pentium II 233  2  233  66 256SDRAM NT4sp3 512  Tyan    430 BX 0:02:59
Pentium II 350  1  350 100 196SDRAM NT4sp3 512  SOYO    440 BX 0:03:50
AMD K6(2) 300   1  300  66 64 SDRAM Win98  512  ASUS    430 TX 0:07:55

A:  ⢥: Juri Stotski
====== Cur here ======
http://www.lucas3d.com/bench3d/html/mes-tests-max3-in.html

bench3d-max-r3.max

Here we are with a new official bench site on Max R3...it's an
evolution of the R2 version but quite more complete. Actually, it
was difficul to compare two powerful machines when the render time
is inferior to 2 minutes... the diiference wasn't more then a few
seconds. this new scene should allow a comparison between computers
such as those using a quadl K7 at 1 GHz with an Octo Xeon III at
900 MHz. Sorry... but for small computer the render time will be
very very very long....

     Processor              CPU       M.B.    RAM   Rendering
       type                freq.     freq.            time
--------------------------------------------------------------
Dual Pentium III E        700         100     768   08:24 504s
Dual Celeron A            570 (400)   95      128   10:35 635s
Dual Xeon III Cache 512k  550         100     512   10:40 640s
Dual Pentium III          560 (500)   112     256   10:56 656s
Dual Celeron A            550 (366)   100     128   11:38 698s
Dual Celeron A            540 (400)   90      128   11:52 712s
Dual Celeron A (1)        510 (400)   85      192   12:11 731s
Dual Pentium III          500         100     256   12:15 735s
Dual Celeron A (1)        498 (400)   83      192   12:29 749s
Dual Celeron A (2)        464 (300)   102     512   13:13 793s
Dual Celeron A (1)        450 (400)   75      192   13:51 831s
K7 Athlon (3)             630 (600)   105     256   13:57 837s
Dual Pentium II           400         100     512   15:22 922s
Dual Pentium II           392 (350)   112     512   15:30 930s
Dual Celeron A (1)        400 (400)   66      192   15:34 934s
Dual Pentium II           350         100     512   17:16 1036s
Pentium III               620 (500)   124     192   18:43 1123s
Dual Pentium II           300 (266)   75      384   20:05 1205s
Celeron A                 581 (466)   83      192   21:08 1268s
Celeron A                 498 (400)   83      192   24:29 1469s
Celeron A                 450 (400)   75      192   27:05 1625s
Celeron A                 400         66      192   30:18 1818s
Celeron A                 375 (300)   83      384   31:43 1903s
Pentium II                333         66      128   36:38 2198s
--------------------------------------------------------------
Comments : The K7 solution seems to become very interesting on Max...
Nearly 35% acceleration above Intel processors (Celeron, PII, PIII
and Xeon)... The new PIII burnt at 0.18nm with 256 Kb Cache at
processor speed should be more efficient than the old generation But
should not beat the K7.
====== Cur here ======

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-3-2
Q: ᪠ ஡  3Dfx, OpenGL, RenderGL  RenderXL.

A:  ⢥: Alex Grishanov
   让   .   譨 ࠡ稥
   蠤 Pentium-133 ⠫ ࠢ   ꥬ
   䨪, 뢠  ᮢ६ 誠 த Quake 
   Hexen ( Digger' ᥩ     ०?), 
   :  ? ⥫쭮 㢥稢 ந⥫쭮
   ஢ ( 쬠 )?  ᤥ ᯥ樠 ,
      ᢠ  ࣮  
   ⥪  3D-᪮,  ⠪  ᫥ ஧筮 
   ࠦ?
     ୮ 뢠, ᠬ ⮩ ᯮᮡ - .....
    ⠪   3D-᪮⥫.

    饭 ᭥  ࠡ:  । न
   祪 ᪮,   㦭  ⥪.  
   殮 뢠 ( ⪮  ⬠)  
   ࠭ ⮡ࠦ.  ⮬ ணࠬ,  ⠪ ,
    ᠬ    . !   ⪮,
     .   砥  ⢮ ⥪஢
    䥪⮢,  ⠪  (  ) 
   3D-᪮⥫   ⥫쭮  業.

      3Dfx. ᥬ ⭮,   窨 ᤥ
    ,   䠪.  ⭮,  3Dfx- ࠡ 
   祭 ᨥ ᯥ䨪樨 OpenGL,  ⮦ 䠪.  
   ᨨ 뢠  OpenGL  㬥 ⮫쪮   ࠭,
      ,  㦭. ࠢ, ᬮ 'Preview' 3Dfx-
   , .. ᪮ ⥪஢ ( 뢮  ࠭).
    ᮡ ⢠  ० 'Preview'   ॡ, 
   ⥪ 뢠  㬥,  ⮦ 䠪!

    ⮡    襩 ⨭,  
   ন ⠭ RenderGL,  ᯮ 
   㭪樨 OpenGL.  , ⠩ 㭪 9.3.3 ⮣ 3DFAQ.

A:  ⢥: Vitaly Bashkatov
    ⮫쪮  뢠,   業 ᯥ :)
     ⮦ ࠧࠫ  ⨬  .

   RenderXL - ᪮쪮  ,  ⥬ ⭮ ᪮७
   筮 㠫樨    SGI,  ᮦ
    ஡ ଠ樨 .

   RenderGL - ⠭ -⠪ ⭮ ᪮७ 筮
   㠫樨   ᯮ짮 ⠭ 㭪権 OpenGL,
     ࠭ଠ ਨ, 䨫 ⥪  ⠪ .
   ⫨砥 ⥬,  ᯮ __ OpenGL   
   権.  ᮦ       
    ७, ⮫쪮  祭  , ࠡ 
    64  梥⮬   Z-buffer'  64  
   㤥   ⢥.   孮  
   ।祭  筮 , 樮  ண
   ।⥫쭮   ⥭ﬨ, ࠦﬨ  ⠪ .
   ⭠ 窠, ⢨⥫쭮 .
    ᥡ  -     32bit Z-buffer,   
   16bit (  Permedia) ⠪   ࠦ !

A:  ⢥: Sergey Koritzev
   RenderGL Version Information
   Product:    Intergraph RenderGL for MAX/VIZ
   Product Number: SHBY725AA-0102A
   Version:    01.02.00.00
   Date:       07-JAN-1999
   Description: RenderGL for MAX/VIZ is a rendering plug-in module
                for Kinetix(tm) 3D Studio MAX(r) and 3D Studio VIZ(r).

                RenderGL MAX is an OpenGL hardware-assisted plug-in
                preview renderer for 3D Studio MAX. It adds fast,
                high-quality preview and draft rendering capability
                to 3D Studio MAX.

   RenderGL MAX System Requirements:
     * 3D Studio MAX Version 2.x.
     * Windows NT version 4.0
     * An Intel processor-based PC with a Pentium, Pentium Pro, or
       Pentium II processor.
     * At least 32 megabytes of RAM, 64 megabytes of RAM recommended.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-3-3
Q:   OpenGL- ᮢ 㡪 ?

A:  ⢥: Vitaly Bashkatov
      ஡ 祬 - ⠭ ਤ 
   OpenGL,   MicroSoft Direct3D.    -
   ਥ প OpenGL  ࠧ   
      ࠡ - ,    setup
   㣮쭨,  ,    .   ⭮ 
   ᭮ ᨮ  ᨮ ,  -
    . 㣨 ᫮ ᥫ   ࣠ 
      ᮪ ஢. ᮪ ஢ 砥,  ⮫쪮
     権  㠫樨 㤥 믮
   ஬. ஡ ଠ   http://iXBT.stack.net/

    稯 ࢮ த ⭮  Glint, Permedia ( 
   ࠭).
    稯 ண த ⭮ RivaTNT, MatroxG200, Savage3D,
   ATI Rage128. ᭮  ⮪ - ⮢ ਨ 
   業ࠫ쭮 . 易  ⥬,   誠  ᠬ
   ᫮ 㣮쭨 ⭮⥫쭮 , ࠧ 
   ᪮   ࠡ⪨ ⥪,   ⠪ . 
   3D-ணࠬ     筮  .

      -  ⠪ 㪠   RenderGL, 
   ᯮ 맮 OpenGL  筮 ७ਭ, 
        ।   20-⭮
   ᪮७ 䨭쭮 ७  ਥ ⢥ (ਥ
     楫).    ᥣ ⨭ ᯮᮡ
   ᯮ 㡨 Z-,      
   16-24 . ᫨  쥧  ᯮ짮 RenderGL, 
   㦭   ஬ 32 .  ,    
   类 樨  RenderGL ਥ.

    , 室  ⢮ 䨣樨 (Intel Pentium-166MHz,
   RAM 32Mb, videocard S3 Trio64V2),  ᮢ⮢ ⮫쪮
   Diamond FireGL Pro 1000 PCI 8Mb (業  120 ஢), 
    㣠 窠   稯 Permedia 2  3DLabs -
   ਠ 襩 ᥫ樨  ᫠ Z-  16 , 
     ᯮ짮 RenderGL.
   MatroxG200 PCI 8Mb  -  Rage128 - ਠ ਥ
   ᥫ樨,  ஦,  32 bit Z-,   
    ᯮ짮  䨭쭮 ७.    砥
    TNT -  ᨫ쭮 ஧ᨬ,  ⮬  Z- ᥣ
   16-24 ,  ⢮ 設  㤥  ⮫ ᪮७
   ᮢ,  ७.

   ⢥ 砭 -  ,  ࠧࠡ稪 ⠭ RenderGL
      ⠭ ᯮᮡ ᯥ ਥ ⢮
    筮 ७.  樮   
     ॢ । 䨭 ७஬.  뢠
   魮 ⢮ , ,  ⥡  ᨫ쭮 .
   ⫨稩  䨭쭮 ਠ -   15%   ᠬ
    宦.

A:  ⢥: ⥭
    ଠ   3DS Max FAQ, ন
   by Stefan Jansson (stefan.jansson@era-a.ericsson.se), 
   ⠢  ਠ ७権 'ALT.3D.STUDIO'
    'COMP.GRAPHICS.PACKAGES.3DSTUDIO'.
     ⠪ 3DS Max FAQ .  Internet'  ᠬ:
        http://www.nautilus.com.pl/jarek
        http://www.StudioBlue.co.uk/


--- HIGH END GRAPIC CARDS
Name:           Intense 3D Wildcat 4100
Manufacturer:   Intergraph
Chipset:        Wildcat
Drivers:        ICD (Pure OpenGL)
RAM:            48MB
Notes:          ᮪ ந⥫쭮  Windows'NT
---
Name:           HP Visualize fx6
Manufacturer:   HP
Chipset:        Visualize
Drivers:        ICD (Pure OpenGL)
RAM:             50MB
Notes:          ন 6 奬 PA-RISC
---
Name:           Oxygen GMX 2000
Manufacturer:   3D Labs
Chipset:        Glint GMX
Drivers:        ICD (Pure OpenGL)
RAM:            96MB
Notes:          ᮪ ந⥫쭮
---
Name:           Cobalt
Manufacturer:   SGI
Chipset:        Cobalt
Drivers:        ICD (Pure OpenGL)
Price:          ⠢  ࠬ Visual Workstation
RAM:            ᯮ ⥬ 
Notes:
---
Name:           RealiZm II VX113
Manufacturer:   Intergraph
Chipset:        RealiZm II
Drivers:        ICD (Pure OpenGL)
RAM:            32MB
Notes:


--- MIDDLE RANGE GRAPHIC CARDS
Name:           Oxygen 402
Manufacturer:   3Dlabs (was Dynamic Pictures)
Chipset:        Oxygen
Drivers:        ICD (Pure OpenGL)
RAM:            32MB
Price:            99  - $1199
Notes:          4 chips
---
Name:           Oxygen 202
Manufacturer:   3D Labs (was Dynamic Pictures)
Chipset:        Oxygen
Drivers:        ICD (Pure OpenGL)
RAM:            16MB
Price:          $800
Notes:          2 chips
---
Name:           ELSA Gloria L/MX
Manufacturer:   ELSA AG Germany
Chipset:        GLINT MX Graphics, GLINT Delta Setup
Drivers:        ICD and Hardware HEIDI, D3D
RAM:            8 MB V-Ram, 16 MB D-Ram
Notes:          All Gloria cards come with enhanced drivers which
                allow multiple monitor support with NT 4.0, and
                special MAXtreme drivers for enhanced MAX support.
                These three ELSA cards do geometry accelleration.
---
Name:           ELSA Gloria XL
Manufacturer:   ELSA AG Germany
Chipset:        GLINT MX, Glint Delta, S3 Trio64V2/DX
Drivers:        ICD, HEIDI, D3D
PCI/AGP:        PCI
RAM:            16 V-Ram, 24-40 MB D-Ram
Notes:          Resolutions up to 1920x1200 with 3d truecolor
                accelleration, stereo shutter glasses. These three
                ELSA cards do geometry accelleration.
---
Name:           ELSA Gloria XL
Manufacturer:   ELSA AG Germany
Chipset:        GLINT MX, Glint Gamma, Permedia 2
Drivers:        ICD, HEIDI, D3D
PCI/AGP:        AGP
RAM:            16 V-Ram, 24-40 MB D-Ram
Notes:          Resolutions up to 1920x1200 with 3d truecolor
                accelleration, this is the AGP-Version of the XL
                (which is PCI). These three ELSA cards do geometry
                accelleration.
---
Name:           Diamond Fire GL 3000
Manufacturer:   Diamond MM (www.diamondmm.com)
Chipset:
Drivers:        ICD (pure OpenGL), no support for Direct3D
RAM:
Notes:          This is an old strictly Windows NT card but with
                support for dual monitors.
---
Name:           Diamond Fire GL 4000
Manufacturer:   Diamond MM (www.diamondmm.com)
Chipset:        3DPro/2mp from Mitsubishi/Evans&Sutherland
Drivers:        ICD / HEIDI, Overlay plane for Softimage
PCI/AGP:        PCI
RAM:            15MB video, 16 MB textures
Price:          $1495   (at DiamondMM)
Notes:          sold out/currently not orderable


--- BUDGET GRAPHIC CARDS

Budget graphic cards don't accelerate the geometry transformations,
the geometry setup engine mentioned by some manufacturers is for
internal purposes only (it does speed up, but it doesn't mean that the
OpenGL geometry pipeline is accelerated).

I sorted the cards by the manufacturer of the chipsets, most budget
cards are remarketed reference boards, so the hardware is totally the
same. Only difference is bundeled software and support.

The new chipset Permedia 3 is coming soon and will probably deliver
great performance to a very attractive price.

---
Name:           ELSA Gloria Synergy 2D/3D
Manufacturer:   ELSA AG Germany (www.elsa.de)
Chipset:        Permedia 2 (from 3DLabs)
Drivers:        ICD, HEIDI, D3D (Pure OpenGL)
PCI/AGP:        PCI or PCI/AGP
RAM:            4MB (PCI) / 8 MB (PCI/AGP)
Price:          $200
Notes:          Typical Permedia 2 card.
                Comes with 3DS Max (Maxtreme - specific HEIDI drivers)
                and also video in/out for VHS.
---
Name:           FireGL 1000 pro
Manufacturer:   Diamond MM (www.diamondmm.com)
Chipset:        Permedia 2 from 3DLabs
Drivers:        ICD / HEIDI (at least with the 3DLabs reference
                drivers)
PCI/AGP:        PCI and AGP
RAM:            8 MB
Price:          PCI: $149, AGP: $169,95 (at DiamontMM)
Notes:          Make sure to use the 3DLabs Permedia reference drivers
                (www.3dlabs.com) or you will be disappointed. The
                highest resolution you can run double buffered is
                1024x768 at 16bits per pixel.
---
The cards with the nVidia chipsets (next chip: TNT2, in principle an
overclocked TNT)

Name:           Diamond Viper V550 / ASUS 3400 / ELSA ERAZOR II /
                CREATIVE / STB V4400
Manufacturer:   see Names (www.diamondmm.com, www.asustec.com,
                www.elsa.de, www.creaf.com, www.stb.com)
Chipset:        RIVA TNT
Drivers:        ICD (OpenGL rasterisation, no Geometry speedup)
RAM:            8 MB (OEM only)/ 16 MB
Price:          ASUS 4300 ~$120-$145
Notes:          Really fast for the price. Best budget card to date
                (March 99). Make sure to use the Nvidia reference
                drivers. The Creative and ASUS board also has video
                in/out as a bonus (ASUS just out?)
---
Name:           Diamond Viper V330 / ASUS 3100 / ELSA VICTORY ERAZOR
Manufacturer:   see Names
Chipset:        RIVA 128 (ZX)
Drivers:        MCD, ICD is mentioned as in preparation
RAM:            4 MB / ZX: 8 MB
Notes:          The precessor of the TNT, not as powerful, only 16-Bit
                rendering. Get the TNT instead.
---
S3 has also a new chipset active (the Savage 3d, the Savage 4 coming
soon):

Name:           Hercules Terminator Beast
Manufacturer:   Hercules
Chipset:        Savage 3d (S3)
Drivers:        ICD, D3D
RAM:            8 MB
Notes:          Uses texture compression, but is not as fast as the
                TNT
---
ATI usually uses proprietary chipsets. Anything new the next time?

Name:           ATI FURY
Manufacturer:   ATI (www.atitech.com)
Chipset:        Rage 128 GL from ATI
Drivers:        ICD
PCI/AGP:        AGP
RAM:            32 MB
Price:          $200-230
Notes:
---
Name:           ATI MAGNUM (Rage 128)
Manufacturer:   ATI (www.atitech.com)
Chipset:        Rage 128 GL from ATI
Drivers:
PCI/AGP:        AGP
RAM:            32 MB
Price:          $193 in Germany
Notes:
---
Name:           ATI All In Wonder PRO
Manufacturer:   ATI (www.atitech.com)
Chipset:        ATI RAGE PRO from ATI
Drivers:
PCI/AGP:        PCI and AGP
RAM:            4 MB up to 8 MB
Price:          $166 in Germany
Notes:          Build in TV tuner/Video In/Out, there are many RAGE
                PRO cards from ATI (XPert at Play, XPert at work...)
                which are all game/home cards.
---
Leadtek

Name:           L2300
Manufacturer:   Leadtek
Chipset:        Permedia 2
Drivers:        OpenGL, Heidi, D3D
PCI/AGP:        AGP/PCI
RAM:            8MB
Price:          $95
Notes:          So far has given excellent price/performance up to
                MAX 2.5
---
The 3Dfx type cards (VooDoo3 coming soon, in principle a revamped
Banshee with higher clock and dual texture units, but still 16 Bit
only) :

Name:           Diamond Monster Fusion / Elsa  VICTORY II / Creative
                BANSHEE / STB ??, others
Manufacturer:   see Names
Chipset:        3dfx Banshee
Drivers:        MCD at the moment, ICD in beta (since 1/2 year)
RAM:            8 MB (OEM)/ 16 MB
Notes:          Good game card, good 2d card, but not yet windowed 3d
---
Name:           Diamond Monster II / CREATIVE VOODOO II and others
Manufacturer:   see Names
Chipset:        3dfx VooDoo (II)
Drivers:        MCD at the moment, ICD in beta (since 1/2 year), only
                fullscreen
RAM:            4 MB framebuffer, 8 MB textures
Notes:          Good game card, no (fast) windowed 3d.
---
The Matrox cards (Matrox uses proprietary chipsets). Nothing new in
sight.

Name:           Matrox Millenium (1)
Manufacturer:   Matrox (www.matrox.com)
Chipset:        MGA-2064 Chip
Drivers:        ICD (but only sparsly implemented, no textures and
                other)
RAM:
Notes:          Old and slow, only good for 2D
---
Name:           Matrox Millenium 2
Manufacturer:   Matrox (www.matrox.com)
Chipset:        MGA-2164 Chip
Drivers:        ICD but not fully implemented
RAM:
Notes:          Good 2d card, but most 3d cards are better
---
Name:           Matrox Millenium G200
Manufacturer:   Matrox (www.matrox.com)
Chipset:        G200
Drivers:        ICD in development
RAM:
Notes:          Good 2d card, quite good 3d card (D3D), one has
                to see if the ICD is good.
---
Name:           Matrox Mystique xxx
Manufacturer:   Matrox (www.matrox.com)
Chipset:        MGA-2064 Chip
Drivers:        ICD (but only sparsly implemented, no textures and
                other)
RAM:
Notes:          There are Variations of the Millenium series, called
                Mystique, which are almost the same cards, except
                that they normally have less and slower RAM, and a
                slower RAMDAC.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-3-4
Q: த,  : 3DS Max, LW, SI  Maya?

A:  ⢥: Alex Bukhtenko
    ࠢ ,  祬 㬥 ࠡ.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-3-5
Q: ⥫    䥥 ⥫쭮 ࠢ 
   ⮢.    .  ⠪    - 
      䠪 .

A: , ⢨⥫쭮    䠪   ...
   ﭭ 訢.  ⢥  .
     -   ?
     -  ,   .

     -   砩,   ?
     - 롨ࠩ ,  ࠧ ࠢ.   .

     -   ᤥ   , 祣   㣮?
     -     ᤥ .   ६ 
       祭 ᨫ.

     -    , 業 ⨭ .
     - H...

A:  ⢥: Vitya Repin
        ⠫,  ⠬    3D ண
    ࠨ  :
    - ⮫쪮 Rhino (⠫   ᠬ ⥫, 
    ,   ?).  - ⮫쪮 Character Studio
   ( ࠭). ᠫ ( 浪 ᢥ-):
     1. Maya 2.0 ( ᠭ  ୠ - ⠬  ).
        ⮨⢠: ,     ஢ 
          樨 嬥 ᮭ.  ᥣ譨  
          ⮩ ࠠ (筨 ᬥ)  3D-஢.
        ⪨: ண, ॡ ⥫쭮 祭,  ⠪
          죨 㪮⢮     .
     2. SoftImage 3.8 (ᨮ ४).
        ⮨⢠:    ⥬ 樨, 㯭 
          뭪  ᥣ譨 .
        ⪨: 堨 䥩, ᮪ ॡ 
          ⥬, 筮  㠫, ॡ
          让 , ண.
     3. 3D Studio MAX 3 (ᠬ  ).
        ⮨⢠:   ,  3DS Max  
          ࠢ  祩, 易⥫쭮 室 ᯫ
           ᫮-ᯫ , 쭮 室騩 
          ⮩ 楫, 讥 - , 祡 ᮢ 
          ⮤᪨ ᮡ.
        ⪨:  ࠡ ॡ 쥧 祭, ᫠
          ᭠ ⨪.
     4. LightWave 3D 6.0 (ண  ).
          ⮨  ⪮  ᠭ,  ᮢᥬ
        .
     5. TrueSpace 4 (襢   ᢮ 業 筮 ).
        ⮨⢠: ॠ ७ਭ, ⭠ ᥫ,
          稥 ⬠ ⥫쭮 (radiosity), ꥬ
          ᢥ,  業ਥ ⮭.
        ⪨:  嬥 䥩, ᮡ 㯮 
          ࠧ饭 ꥪ⮢ " " (   
          ਢ離  饭 ஭),  ஢
          த ᮢ  ।᪠㥬 䥪,
           㭪樮  ⥫쭮 㢥稢
          ६ ७ਭ,  প "७-".

      Bryce 㯮  ,   - ᠭ, 
      襢 ⥣.   ࠢ   .
    祭  ᯨᠭ  ,      .

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-4-1
Q:  ,   Internet'   ⨭  ७樨
   FIDO7.SU.RENDER, 娢 ᥬ, ᢥ  3DFAQ  3DTUTOR?

A:    ᮢ  ﬨ ஢ 3 㪨:
       http://www.saunalahti.fi/nurbs/surender/ - by Juri Stotski
       http://members.xoom.com/su_render/  - by Alex Bukhtenko
       http://members.xoom.com/surender/   - by Alex Grishanov

    , -  娢 ᥬ, 室  ७樨
   FIDO7.SU.RENDER,   :
       http://members.xoom.com/brait/mail.htm

    ᮢᥬ  娢 ᥬ  SU.RENDER  ଠ JAM 
   ᪠  ࠭窨:
       http://zirra.future.easyspace.com/  - by Vladimir Bakhvaloff

      娢  ⮩  SU.RENDER (  䠩
    ।饩 뫪):
       ftp://propro.ru/surender/           - by Vladimir Malukh

   ᫨   筮 ६, ﭨ  ⮢ WWW-ࢥ:
       http://www.deja.com/

       䠩  3DFAQ v1.02 (᫥   
    䠩     㦭 ᨨ)
       http://members.xoom.com/brait/faq/3dfaq102.zip

       䠩  3DTUTOR v1.02 (᫥   
    䠩     㦭 ᨨ)
       http://members.xoom.com/brait/faq/3dtut102.zip

   ,  ࠭  ᥡ Juri Stotsky (᫥  ...):
www.saunalahti.fi/~nurbs/surender/info/3d_alex_grishanov_faq_v1_02.zip
www.saunalahti.fi/~nurbs/surender/info/3d_alex_grishanov_tutor_v1_02.zip

     Internet'   ᪮ ⥬, ਥ஢
    3D-ணࠬ:
       http://www.3dup.com/

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-4-2
Q:  ७樨 SU.RENDER  ᢮ WWW-ࢥ?

A: , ⥯   म  ᪠ - ⠪ ࢥ !
   樠 ࢥ ७樨 SU.RENDER ᯮ  祭
   ⮬  饬 :
     http://www.render.ru/

    ।। - ࢥ   । ﭢ 2000 ,
   ⮬ ⢮ ।⠢   ଠ樨   ⠪
   ஬,  ,   ࠥ,  塞  
   ࠥ.    ⠬ :
     - ᢥ    ୮ 䨪;
     - ᡮ୨ ஡ ப  3DS Max, LightWave 3D  Maya;
     - २ ࠡ  ࠭  ⢥ ஢;
     - 業  ࠧ   3D,    
        ᢮ 㪨,  ;
     -    3D-ணࠬ;
     -   㣨  饩,  ᪮ ⠬ 
       .

   ᫨   - ᪠   ⮣ ࢥ, 
   , 易⥫쭮    render@artlogic.ru.
    砭  ।  ਭ  ᬮ७.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-4-3
Q: ,   ᬮ ⨭   SU.RENDER?

A:  ᪮쪮 ᮢ  ࢥࠬ ᮢ SU.RENDER
   ࠧ .

     http://members.xoom.com/3drender/    - SU.RENDER'98
     http://members.xoom.com/surender99/  - SU.RENDER'99
     http://www.kulichki.com/surender/    - SU.RENDER'2000

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-4-4
Q:   ७樨  news-㯯 ᮢ ,  
   IRC- 室?

A: NNTP-ࢥ  Internet':
   1. news://ddt.demos.su/ - ᠬ "" ࢥ  ७ﬨ
      fido7...
      ---------------------------------------------------------------
       FIDO:su.render               --  3D-䨪, ᠬ
       NEWS:fido7.su.render         ᫥ ७
       Moderator:                   Sergey Kapitsyn (ࣥ ),
                                    2:5020/449.32@fidonet,
                                    miracle@aha.ru
       CoModerator:                 Alexey Malnov (ᥩ 쭮),
                                    2:5020/1023@fidonet,
                                    amv3d@mail.ru
       Spell-checker:               Alexander Halyavin (ᠭ
                                    ), 2:5020/121.29@fidonet,
                                    faced@aha.ru
       Rules:                       ࠢ   ࠧ 
                                      砫  ।.
      ---------------------------------------------------------------
       FIDO:su.render.profi         ᪮ த SU.RENDER,
       NEWS:fido7.su.render.profi      - 
                                     ⮫쪮 ਧ
                                    ᨮ
       Moderator:                   Sergey Kasatikoff (ࣥ
                                    ⨪), 2:5002/24@fidonet,
                                    sergey@art.altai.su
       CoModerator (६):     Egor Popov ( ),
                                    2:5061/28.0@fidonet,
                                    svisor@icomm.ru
       Spell-checker:               Sergey Kapitsin (ࣥ ),
                                    2:5020/449.32@fidonet,
                                    miracle@aha.ru
      ---------------------------------------------------------------
       FIDO:ru.3ds&lw                ணࠬ 3D Studio
       NEWS:fido7.ru.f3ds-lw         LightWave 3D
       Moderator:                   Dmitry O. Kolomiets (਩
                                    ), 2:5020/7777.514@fidonet,
                                    sly_bfg@chat.ru
      ---------------------------------------------------------------
       FIDO:su.3ds.max               ணࠬ 3DS Max
       NEWS:fido7.su.f3ds.max
       Moderator:                   Michail Danshin (堨 設)
                                    2:5020/1004.28, 2:5020/450.9
       CoModerator:                 Alex Bukhtenko (ᥩ ⥭)
                                    2:5020/236.40
      ---------------------------------------------------------------
       FIDO:ru.3d.support           ७ ᮧ  প
       NEWS:fido7.ru.f3d.support    ᫥ 䠩  FIDO:ru.3d.*
         |
         + FIDO:ru.3d.lw            ।祭  
         |                          , ﬨ 
         |                          ⠬  3D- LightWave
         |
         + FIDO:ru.3d.max           ।祭  
         |                          , ﬨ 
         |                          ⠬  3D- 3DS Max
         |
         + FIDO:ru.3d.artwork       ।祭  
         |                          ⨭, 訬 AVI-誠
         |
         + FIDO:ru.3d.maps          ।祭  
         |                          ⥪ࠬ
         |
         + FIDO:ru.3d.other         ।祭  
                                    , ﬨ 
                                    ⠬  㣨 3D-⠬
                                    (Softimage|3D, Maya  ..)
       Moderator:                   Oleg Ivanov ( )
                                    2:5020/1651.1
      ---------------------------------------------------------------
       FIDO:su.graphics             ᪫⥫쭮 ⮫쪮 
       NEWS:fido7.su.graphics       2D-䨪
       Moderator:                   Olga Gabay (죠 )
                                    2:5020/745.15, gabay@orc.ru
       CoModerator:                 Dmitry Tjurev (਩ ॢ)
                                    2:5061/15.49
      ---------------------------------------------------------------

   2. news://news.gamma.ru/
       訩 ࢥ,  ࠢ 쬠 
       fido7-७樨. ᮪ ७権 ᬮ 
       ( ࢥ ddt.demos.su).

   3. news://news.gpf.ru/
       NEWS:gpf.3dsoftware          㦤 3D-⮢

       NEWS:gpf.graphics.video       ணࠬ ࠡ⪨ -
                                    ஫

       NEWS:gpf.hardware.graphics       3D-ணࠬ

       NEWS:gpf.maya                㦤 3D-ணࠬ Maya

A:  ࠧ४஢  ७ IRC-⪠: Undernet.
    ᠩ  ਪ:
       SERVER:us.undernet.org  Port:6667  GROUP:06
    ய:
       SERVER:eu.undernet.org  Port:6667  GROUP:07
    㣨 ࢥ, 浪 20 , ᯨ᮪   ணࠬ
   mIRC (www.mirc.com).  ⮩ IRC- (Undernet) ᮢ 
    ﭭ ࠡ .  #rusrender, ᮧ
   ᪮騬 짮⥫ﬨ 3D-ணࠬ ( ࢥ
   প  ⮣ : http://www.rend.da.ru/).
     #3dwarez  #warezart -  ᥣ   ᢥ
   ଠ  訬 3D-ணࠬ, ⫮ 
   ६ FTP-ᠩ⮢,   ⥭쪮   
   㣨 ணࠬ...

     ⥬ EFNet, ⮦ ୠ ⪠:
       SERVER:irc.inter.net.il  Port:6667  GROUP:efnet
       SERVER:efnet.demon.co.uk Port:6665,6666,6668,6669 GROUP:efnet
       SERVER:irc.ais.net  Port:6661,6663,6665,6669  GROUP:efnet
    ⮦   #3dwarez  #warezart.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-4-5
Q:   Inet'  3D-쪨 p, ⨯ ⠬ 孨,  ..?

A:  ⢥: Stanislav Orlov
     http://www.max3d.com/
     http://www.3dmax.com/   (ୠ⨢  ।饣 )
     http://www.3dcafe.com/
     http://avalon1.viewpoint.com/
     http://cray.onego.ru/3d/list.html  (ᯨ᮪ ᠩ⮢  ⥬ 3D)
     http://members.iex.net/~tctrow/graphics/objects.html

       ᯮᮡ -  su.render, ru.3ds-max, ru.3ds-lw,
     .  ⨭,  㬥楢.
     ⠪  ⨩ 室 -  ᠬ.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-4-6
Q:   ⥬,    業 㯠  Internet (
    WWW    FTP 室),   ⮫쪮 ⠭
   E-Mail?

A:  ⢥: Andrew S. Horuzhenko
     ୥   E-Mail.

   ᥬ,    ଠ쭮 Inet':  㣠 ⮢
   ࢥ஢. Hਬ, "www4mail".
   Hࠢ 쬮   'www4mail@wm.ictp.trieste.it', 
     (  ⮩) ⥬ 쬠.   ⥪ 쬠 
   ᥣ  
     HELP
    ⢥ ⥡ 室  c᮪ ,   
   ࢥ.   ࢥ 㦭 㪠뢠  ⥫ 쬠. 
   쬠 , ⮬  㪠뢠 ,  
   . 묨 묨    ன:
     XIMAGE   -  뫪   ࠦ  ࠭
     XCHARSET koi8  - ⠭ ஢ koi8
      :
     GETSIZE 10000  - ⠭ ᨬ ࠧ  쬠
                       10000 
    뢠  뫪  䠩,    URL-
   .   쬥  뢠 ᪮쪮 䠩 (-
     ࠭祭 ᠬ ࢥ). ᫨  
     HTML,  । ᮬ  ⠢
    SOURCE.

   ਬ:
------
From: Ivan Ivanov <ivanov@mail.ru>
To  : www4mail@wm.ictp.trieste.it
Subj:  ⥬ 쬠, ⥬ ࠧ筮!
------
GETSIZE 25000
SOURCE http://www.citycat.ru/superlink/fileemail.html
------

    E-Mail  'ivanov@mail.ru'  ਩ ࠭窠
   'fileemail.html'  ࢥ 'www.citycat.ru',   html-
   ࠭窨. ᮪ 㣨 ⮢ ࢥ஢, ।⠢ ⠪
     뫪 䠩  E-Mail'   :
     http://www.citycat.ru/superlink/fileemail.html

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-5-1
Q:   ᯮ짮  ᪮쪮 ᢮ 㦨 3D- 
   ⮢  ᢮ ᪨ ࠡ?

A:  ⢥: Vladimir Malukh
    ⢥ -  ᠭ  業 (᫨  筮  ⥡
   )   த.    ,  ਤ᪨
   䠪, ⠪    த ᢮   ,  ⮬
   ᫥   ﬨ,  ⮬   (  "", 
   ).   ⠪    ⮬,    ⮫쪮 ᠬ
   ணࠬ ,    ,    .
    砥   ᪨ ⮬ -  業 㦥 襭  
   ᪠,  ਤ᪮ 窨 ७ ᯮ짮  
   ⠪ ⮢ .
   ᫨      -  ࠢ  樠 
   ᠭ,      .

> y   ᯮ짮 㦨    -⠪ ਤ
> " "?
   ⠩ 業  ,  ࠢ   ᯮ짮, 
   ᪫祭, ஥ (   ࠢ) ਢ. 
    ⮣   த,  , 騥  죨 
   த 3D-.

   㣮 ,  ᪠ 稪, ᫨  "ࠧࠥ"  㢨
    ⢮ 業 ਬ  ஫  3DS    
   ࢮ .

>     ⮬ ⭮  ஢ 3D ࠪ⨪, 뫨 
> 楤,  祬  稢 ?
    㤠  室   쭮 쥧  ⠫
   .    ⠪ 砥  .

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-5-2
Q:  ஡, ᤥ , export  RIB,  BMRT 襫 
   20 訡 -    祪,  ,   ᫮ 
   ']' ⮨,    易⥫ ࠬ.   १
   ᪠ "Rendering model.tif"  १ ਬ୮ 2  㯠...

A:   , ᠬ  ⢥!
   뢠 ।,   RIB ࠢ (shaders 뢠),
      "Unlimeted lines length",  ࠧ ப
    2048 ᨬ  ⠪ ࠭...     ...

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-5-3
Q: ,      3D-?

A:  "InterChange" v4.0  24.01.97.
     "Type Files of Import" 㯮 SI, LW, 3DS, AutoCAD,
   TruySpace, WaveFront, VideoScape, TurboSilver, VRML, RenderMan
      祣 ( Direct 3D -     ).
   H     SoftImage,  LightWave,  ᥣ ⠫쭮,
    3DS Max .3ds-  ⠪ p. ⮬,  讬 ᮦ,
       pp.

A: 饬-  aa a  - LambSoft MoveTools aa,
      ⮫쪮  3DS Max:

     LambSoft MoveTools (www.lambsoft.com)
     Movie, cameras, motion data, motion hierarchies & geometry
     between: 3D Studio MAX, SOFTIMAGE, Alias PowerAnimator,
     Wavefront TAV, Newtek LightWave & Alias|Wavefront Maya.

A:   3D-ணࠬ  ।஢ ,
   뢠 NuGraf Rendering System,   祭 
   ࠧ ଠ⮢.  ணࠬ PolyTrans,  
   - NuGraf,  १,   ....

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-5-4
Q:   ணࠬ ᮧ 3D- (, ਬ)
    ⮣䨨?

A:  ⢥: Eugene Inozemtsev
   >   - ᪠  ⢮ ⠪ ணࠬ?
   >     ⮣䨩 ꥪ,  ணࠬ  
   > ᮧ   3ds   㣮 , 㦥
   > ⥪७.
    ᪨   ⮣ - etacreations CANOMA.

   http://www.metacreations.com/products/canoma/
     With Canoma you can create photorealistic 3D models from
     scanned or digital photographs quickly and without extensive
     3D skills. Using a push-pin metaphor, Canoma lets you attach
     3D, wireframe primitives on top of objects in a two-dimensional
     image (such as a scanned photograph, piece of stock photography,
     or even a digital drawing or painting).

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-5-5
Q:   ࠡ 죨, ᯮ ᢮ 3D-⢮?

A:  ⢥: Alex Samarin
==== Cut Here ====
   ,   砫.  ࠡ뢠 ਠ    .
   ࣠樮 . ᨡ ⥬,  ᫠ ⨭: ,
      ᫥ ࠭ ⥣ਨ, ।⥫쭮
   ࠢ. 砫,  뢠 ,  ᫠ ⮫쪮
   .
    ⠪,  ᥩ 易  ﬨ,   㯠
   ⮢ 3D-.  -  $50. ᫮ - ⢨ ࠩ⮢,
         ᮡ⢥ ,   
   ࠡ⠥ (ࠡ⠫). .. ,     ᥡ, 
     ᪮ ᯮ짮.   ᠬ⮢,
   ⮬, ஢, ⮢ 孨, , , etc.
    稪    200 ⨭  롮, 
   ⮬  100  -  ⮫쪮 砫,  ⨢,
      ,  ᥩ ᯥਬ  ᢮ ﬨ,
       㢥७   ᯥਬ, ᨣ  뫪
     . ⠪,  ॡ:
     1) । ;
     2) । ⮢ 孨;
     3)  ;
     4) .
      뫠  JPG 䠩 320240, 䠩 
     饥    㪢 䠬 
   (栬 ३᪮ 樮쭮 ࠧ蠥 ) + 001, 002...
    ..
     ᫥ ᫠:
     1) ᬨ᪨ ࠡ;
     2)  (᫨   ।    襭);
     3)  諨 , ⮫쪮 JPG-;
     4)  諨 㤮⢥ ࠡ  䫠ਪ, 㬠 
        .., ⮫쪮  ଠ  ᢥ饭,  
        ᬠਢ ன  ⥪ன.
    쭥襬  ਭ    ଠ 3ds, 3dmax.
   H 䠩  㤥 ᮮ⢥⢮  ⨭.
   H    ,  祣 ⭮.

   : (095) 943-14-45 (।⥫쭥)
   EMail: alex@ital.ru
   : Alex Samarin (ᠭ ਭ)
==== Cut Here ====

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-6-1
Q:  樮 ⥬ ᠬ ⮩稢/筠?

A: ⥯ "" 㬥蠥 ᢥ :
     Windows NT 4.0 (+Service Pack 3  )
     Windows 2000
     Windows NT 4.0
     Windows 95 OSR2
     Windows 98
     Windows 95 first version

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-6-2
Q:  ⠢ Windows NT ࠡ  ᪨ ⠬?   
   3DS Max  ⮢ "Arial",    ᪮....

A: ,  ⮤  LightWave ⠢  ᪨
   㪢  .  ᫥騥 窨  䠩
   'RUS.REG',  ⮬    Windows Explorer'  
   饫箪  .  䠩.

;====== 砫 䠩 RUS.REG ======
REGEDIT4
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontMapper]
"DEFAULT"=dword:000000cc

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontSubstitutes]
"Arial,0"="Arial,204"
"Courier New,0"="Courier New,204"
"Times New Roman,0"="Times New Roman,204"

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\CodePage]
"1250"="c_1251.nls"
"1252"="c_1251.nls"
"ACP"="1251"
"OEMCP"="866"
"MACCP"="10007"
;======  䠩 RUS.REG ======

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-6-3
Q:   ⨬஢ ᪮ ࠡ  業,  ?

A:  ⢥: Sergey Anisimov
    ᮧ    ᯮ ⠪ ᯮᮡ: 
   ᮪⢥ , ⥬  ࣠ ८ࠧ,
   ஥ 㬥蠥 ⢮   ꥪ,  ⮬ 
   ᮪⢥   ࠧ   
   뢠    ⢠. ᪮쪮  ,
   ࢮ   ᪮७ 㠫樨 , ஥ 
    订 ⮡ࠦ ⥪.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-7-1
Q:  ᤥ אַ 㣮  NURBS Curve?

A: ᫨ ⠢    - CV, ᫥ ࠢ ⥯
   Curve,  אַ 㣮  ⮦.
   㣨 ᫮ ;),  ᢥ  冷 騥 窨  
   ,   ॡ㥬 㣮.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-7-2
Q:   ୮ ஫ ᤥ 䥪 25- ""
   ?

A: H筥  ਭ樯 ⢨ ஥.
   ⠭⭠ ᪮  䨫쬠 - 24   ᥪ㭤.  祭
   1/48 ᥪ㭤  ࠭ ஥  . ⥬ ꥪ⨢
   ४뢠 ஬,  祭 1/48 ᥪ㭤 
   ६뢠   ,  㡨ࠥ,  祭 1/48
   ᥪ㭤  ࠭ ஥ ᫥騩  ,  ..
    ,  ६ 䨫쬠  ࠭ ࠦ 
   ஥.

    ᮧ "䥪 25 " 㦭 ᯮ짮 
   ᨭ஭஢ ஥. ᭮ ஥  
   䨫  筮 ०. ᯮ⥫ ஥ ஥ 
   ࠭  ࠦ ( ᠬ "25 ") -  ஬⪨
   ६,  ꥪ⨢ ᭮ ஥  ஬.
     : -, મ "25 "   
   । મ ஢ ᭮ 䨫쬠; -, ६ 
   樨   ⥫쭮  1/48 ᥪ㭤.  
   ࠬ (મ  ६ 樨)  ⠪, ⮡
    ॢ  ண, ᫥ ண ᮧ⥫쭮 䨪㥬
   ࠧࠦ⥫    ᮧ . ⭮
   ᮤঠ "25 " ࠥ, 筮,  砩, 
   ନ 宫 ⠪, ⮡ ⢨  楫
   㤨 뫮 ᨬ.

    ,   筮 ⥠    㢨 䨫 
   ⠪ ; " ⥫" ⠪   ਭ樯 
   (   ,   㣨,   ७ 
   䥪⨢ ᯮᮡ   ᮧ ⥫).

A: ⢥ :  ⮬ ,      - .
   孨᪨ ࠪ⨪ ⥫஢/஢  
   ⠪ .   ⮬,  த⥫쭮 ⮣ 25- 
    ६    1/50 ᥪ㭤!     -
   1/25 ᥪ㭤, 筠 ᮢ,    筮 ᢥ祭
   業⭮ ᫮ ࠭...

   ⢥ ன:  ⮬  - . 筮 ᤥ -
    ஧筮 ࠦ 25- ᯥ樠쭮   䮭
   ᭮ ⨭  ஫.    䥪,  
   易⥫ ⨥ ஢  ᭮ ஫.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-7-3
Q:    䥪 "୮ 窠", ⮡ 
    室  業?

A:  ⢥: Vitaly Bashkatov
     ᭨  業,  ࠦ  ઠ,  ५
   १ /᪮.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-7-4
Q:  㭪 1.2.12 ⮣ 3DFAQ ᠭ,   3DS Max 
   ᬮ஢     ᬮ.   㣨 ணࠬ
    ᮢ?

A:  ⢥: Andrew Smirnoff
    ᢮ ६  Power Animator,    ᫠
    Glow ( ਭ樯 ⮦ ,  ),  ᤥ 㯮
     - 㦨  ᪮쪨 業᪨ 
   ஧묨 (transparency = 90-95%) ࠬ ᨭ 梥, 
   訬 蠣  ࠤ.   ᠬ ᭮ - 稫
   祭 , ࠫ쭠 ⢮   㤠 
   孮 ⬮.
   楯, imho,   3D- .

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-7-5
Q: ,   ᭨.   ᤥ  ࠬ?

A:  ⢥: Oleg Ivanov
   ! 㦨  ᤥ __  ⥪ 
   . த ࠭   訢,   ᤥ? 
   १ LightWave+PhotoShop,  ਭ樯 㭨ᠫ.

    LightWave   VID_NOISE -    让
   (,  ०, 祬  PhotoShop).  
   ⨭,   ⨬  - ⮣  / ⨭ "",
    㦥 ᠬ  ᥡ ,     ࠡ 
   PhotoShop'.   ⨭ - ..   梥⭮
    -    .

     PhotoShop' -   ⭮. ⮬
     "Wave",    ࠬࠬ -  -
   㠫! 砥  ࠫ쭠 ⨭  .
   "" ᯮ 堮筮,   ⮬ ࠧ 
   ᪮, "⨪"..    ࠤ :)

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-7-6
Q:  ⠪ "䥪 ७"?

A: : 䥪 ७ (Freshnel) -  . ࠦ
    ᨬ  㣫 ७. ⠢ - । 
   ஢ ⮫  ࠢ ࠦ  拉  ᢥ 
     孮 ⮫ - ᠬ . ७ ࠪ७
   ࠪ᪨   ࠦ 孮⥩,  ᪫祭,
   , ⮫쪮 ઠ (஬, ઠ, etc.).

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-7-7
Q:  ,  ਢ ᬮ஢ ᢥ饭  ᮮ⢥⢨
    ॠ묨 ᢥ⥫묨 ਡࠬ,   㯨 
   ?    魮 ॠ쭮    筮
   ந  3D.

A:  ⢥: Andrei Savchuk
        ᢥ饭 ᠬ ᥫ ண - 
   LightScape 3.2.    ⠪,   :  , 
   ⨯,  ꭮.  ⮣     ⥪.
    ᢥ饭 砥  .

Q: LightScape?    ⠪?

A: 쬠   筮 襢 , ।祭 
   ᭮  ⥪୮ 㠫樨.   - 
   ।祭   ஢,    㠫樨.
     ࠦ,    ⫨稬 
   ⮣䨨. ᯮ ⮤ Radiosity  Raytrace  
   㠫樨 業. । ६  । ࣨ
   筨 ᢥ  । ( ᫨誮 ᫮,    ᫨誮
   ⮩) 業 - ⪨.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-7-8
Q:    ᪨ ଠ PNG?  祬  ३⢠, 
     ⠪  ?

A:  ⢥: Alex Bukhtenko
   ஢ PNG - Portable Network Graphics.
     ,   ଠ GIF,  ᮧ 
   ୠ⨢  ⮣ ଠ, ᪮ GIF - ᮡ⢥
    CompuServ,    ᯮ짮   ⠥
    죨. ᯥ⨢ 祭 襩 ਧ, 
   ଠ쭮  ࠢ. ଠ PNG  ᮧ   GIF 
   Internet,  ࠧ ᥩ ਤ᪨ .
   ⨥   ⢠. ন ஢ 梥
   ()  truecolor' 梥. ᨬ쭠 㡨 梥 48 .
    ᮤঠ ଠ  ஧筮.   
   "Interlaced". H ন ,   GIF.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-7-9
Q:         ஥.
     ?

A:  ⠢  -  -   
   ࠦ ,   ।    ࠧ
   ࠡ뢠. 砥  ᭨  ꥪ  ࠧ
   祪.     ᫮  -  ஡!

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-7-10
Q:  ᪠ ,   VRML ?

A:  ⢥: Anton Ognev
    砫,    " VRML-஢",
    BHV, 1997 . ਬ⨢,   ।.
    쭮 ⭮ ᠭ  "७  3DS Max, ⮬-2"

      3DS Max   ⠪:
   1. ⠢ 3DS ax  (⥫쭮 v2.5), ⠬  Help'
      ᭮  ᠭ.
   2.   "Create"  ࠧ VRML 2.0.
      ஡ 直 "NavInfo", "Anchor", "Proximity"  ..
   3. ᯮ ,  ᤥ,  VRML 2.0, ⥪⮢ ।஬
      ᬮ १  WWW-browser' .
   4. ꥧ   ஢ "Navinfo", "Anchor"  ..

    ⭮  LightWave 5.5
   VRML ᯮ  "Layout"  "VrmlSceneSave"
   : ⥭-४   ⠭ ࠢ쭮 
           ,   SCENES, OBJECTS  .., 뫠 ४
          VRML.
   ᫨  ᯮ  "external objects",   ꥪ
   㤥  ᢮ .vrl 䠩,  䠩 業  ᮡࠥ  .
   :  ୮ ᯮ  "external objects" .vrl 䠩
          ꥪ⮢ ⮬᪨  , .. 㦭 
            ।  ᯮ⮬,  뢠
           ⤥쭮  "VrmlObjectSave"

   ࠪ⨢  ⮢ 業 ਤ  窠, ..
    LightWave  ।  ⮬᪮ ᮧ ᥭ஢ 
    ⥩.

   P.S.: .. VRML -  易⥫쭮 ஢ 쭮
   ஢,  LightWave 㤮 3DSMax'  ᮧ
   ꥪ⮢,   ᯮ  VRML  3DSMax   ﭮ.  PC
   ⮫쪮 3DSMax  ᯮ  VRML __ , ਬ
   䨭, , FFD,  ﬨ  ..
   LightWave ᯮ ⮫쪮 move, rotate  size.

    : 易⥫쭮 ன  Windows ᨬ-ࠧ⥫ 
   楫 ᥫ.   "Start"->"Settings"->"Control Panel"->
   "Regional Settings"-> "Number"->"Decimal Symbol". 
     ᨬ '窠' (.)  '⮩' (,).


WEB LINKS
The Virtual Reality Modeling Language Specification
       http://vrml.sgi.com/moving-worlds/spec/part1/fieldsRef.html
VRML Semantics
       http://HTTP.CS.Berkeley.EDU/~daishi/vrml/vrml.html
The Virtual Reality Modeling Language Specification Version 2.0
       http://vag.vrml.org/VRML2.0/FINAL/
The VRML Forum
       http://vag.vrml.org/www-vrml/
The VRML FAQ
       http://www.vrml.org

A:  ⢥: Stanislav Orlov
======== Cut Here ========
>  -, ᪮y  py    ?!
3DS Max . ࠢ,   ,  襫 ᪮쪮
権 VRML,  3DS Max  ন ,  
  .

>   - 祬 ᬮp VRML?!
http://www.sdsc.edu/vrml/
http://www.meshmart.org/vrml.htm

  祣,  १   ஫ ⮫쪮 Cosmo Player -
        㦨.  .

> - ᠭ 뫮,   IE  ᬮp . H  諮!
 IE3 㦭 Java Machine  4-.   ⠫,  ⮬ 
ᬮ ন  VRML .

ࠢ -  ᪠ - VRML १ ୥ - 㪠 , 
   騪 ... , ଠ쭮 ଫ VRML 
᪠.      700Kb,   
⥪... ஡    Low-Res  -   
800 䥩ᮢ -   1.5  ॢ.

  ⥪஢ VRML 祭 㦥 Pentium-III 400-500MHz,
 ...

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-7-11
Q:   䨫쬠 ப ᯮ짮 ୠ 䨪?

A: ,  - ଠ:
:
     "Jungle Boy" (" 㭣") - ???
     "Babe" ("") - Rhithm & Hues
     "Hocus Pocus" (" ") - Rhithm & Hues
     "Batman Forever" ("⬠ ᥣ") - Pacific Data Images, Inc.
     "Casper" ("ᯥ-ਢ") - Industrial Light and Magic
     "Jurassic Park" (" ᪮ ਮ") - Industrial Light and
         Magic
     "Jumanji" ("㬠") - Industrial Light and Magic
     "Dragonheart" (" ࠪ", 1997) - Industrial Light and Magic
     "Titanic" ("⠭", 1998) - Industrial Light and Magic
     "Godzilla" ("", 1997) - ???
     "Terminator-2" ("ନ-2") - ???
     "The Lion King" ("஫-") - ???
     "Starship Troopers" ("ᬨ᪠ ", 1997) - Thunderstone
     "Independence Day" (" ᨬ", 1996) - ???
     "Man in Black" ("  ୮", 1997) - ???
     "Armageddon" ("ଠ", 1998) - ???
     "Lost in Space" ("ﭭ  ᬮ") - ???
     "Mask" ("᪠", 1997) - ???
     "Star Wars Episode I: Phantom Menace" (" 
          I:  ஧", 1999) - Industrial Light and Magic
     "The Matrix" ("", 1999) - Manex Entertainment (MVFX)
     "Blade" ("") - ???
     "What Dreams May Come" ("㤠 ਢ ") - ???
     "The Mummy" ("㬨", 1999) - Industrial Light and Magic
     "Wild Wild West" ("  ", 1999) - Industrial Light
         and Magic
     "Stuart Little" (" ", 1999) - ???
     "The World Is Not Enough" ("  ⠪ ", 1999) - ???
     "Sleepy Hollow" (" ", 1999) - Industrial Light and
         Magic, The Computer Film Co.

ਠ:
     "Babylon-5" ("-5") - Foundation Imaging (1-3 )
     "Babylon-5" ("-5") - Netter Digital Imaging (4-5 )
     "Lexx" ("Lexx") - ???

䨫:
     "Toy Story" ("筠 ", 1995) - Pixar
     "Toy Story 2" ("筠  2", Dec 1999) - Pixar
     "The Bug's Life" (" ᥪ",  "ਪ祭
         ", 1998) - Pixar
     "Antz" ("窨", 1998) - ???
     "ReBoot" (" ") - ???
     "InseKtors" ("ᥪ") - ???
     "War Planets: Shadow Raiders" ("") - ???
     "Beast Wars" (" ३") - Mainframe Entertaiment Inc.

 ஫  :
     "Locomotion" ("஢", 1991) - Pacific Data Images, Inc.
     "Bingo" ("", 1997) - Alias/Wavefront Studio
     "Bruce Lee" (" ") - Shannon Ma
     "   Coca-Cola" - Rhithm & Hues
     "Stanley and Stella in Breaking the Ice" ("⥭  ⥫
          ") - Symbolics
     "More Bells and Whistles" (" ஢  ᢨ⪮") - ???
     "Luxo Jr." ("", 1986) - Pixar
     "Chromosaurus" ("஬") - ???
     "Knickknack" ("", 1989) - Pixar
     "Tin Toy" ("", 1988) - Pixar
     "Red's Dream" (" ", 1987) - Pixar
     "Atlanta in Motion" ("⫠  ") - SIGGraph
         Electronic Theater
     "Sleepy Guy" ("") - Pacific Data Images, Inc.
     "Fluffy" ("") - ???

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-7-12
Q:     "Pyromania"?  ,   뢠, 
    ⠬?

A:  ⢥: Andrew Horuzhenko
     ஬  "PlugIn's 3D",  - "Pyromania".
   H  250Mb 娢  tga ᫥⥫쭮ﬨ ࠧ
   뢮, 묠, ,  ..   讬 ࠧ襭, 16777216
   梥⮢.  ४ਨ '\LightWave\LW PlugIns Shit\Pyromania' - 
   , ,  㦥  FLI - 320x200x256.  ⮦ ᨢ.
     䫨 320200   
   Lightwave 5.5  ࠪ ⨯   .

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-8-1
Q:  ࠢ ᢮ ⨭  ?

A:  ⢥: Andrew Horuzhenko
    ⮣  㦭 ஢  ଠ UUEncoding.  ⮣
    ᥣ ᯮ짮 ணࠬ "DOS Navigator".  
   㣨 ணࠬ  UUE-஢  ᪮஢,  
    ⠪ ப ࠭.
    "Dos Navigator" ⬥砥 ஬ 㦭 䠩  
   Ctrl+F7.  襬  㪠뢠  (७  ண)
    - ப  ᥪ樨 "Lines per Section"=150.
   ᫥  ""  㪠 ४ਨ  䠩
     'name.uu1'
     'name.uu2'
        ....
     'name.uNN'.

    UUE-ᥪ樨, 窨 ஢ 䠩.  ᮧ
   NN+1 ᥬ ( NN - - 稢 ᥪ権)  ⥬:
     'name.jpg [XX/NN]'
    XX - ᫮  00  NN. ਬ:
     'picture.jpg [00/15]'
     'picture.jpg [01/15]'
        ....
     'picture.jpg [15/15]'

    쬥  ⥬ 'name.jpg [00/NN]'  ᮯ஢⥫쭮
   ᠭ ஢ 䠩  㦭 ਨ.  ⥫ ᥬ
    ⥬ 'name>.jpg [01/NN]'...'name.jpg [XX/NN]' ⠢
   ᮤন 䠩 'name.uNN'.   , ਬ, १
   "Clipboard"   ⥪⮢ ।.

      FIDO7.   ய᪠ UUEncoding 
   Internet, ⮬  ࢮ ᥪ樨 ( 䠩 'name.uu1') 㦭
   ⠢ । 窮 'begin 644 name.jpg' ᨬ '/', 
   १  '/begin 644 name.jpg'.  ⠪  
   FIDO7  UUE  ᯮ  ய. 譨 ⠢ '/'
    易⥫쭮,   稥 ⭮  
   짮⥫ ᫨誮 㬭 ⮢ ணࠬ ⨯ Netscape,
     ࢮ ᥪ樨 뢮 㦥 ⨭.
    㤥 㤮,   -   ।।  '/' 
   ᠭ 䠩 ( 쬥  ⥬ 'name.jpg [00/NN]').
   ஬ ⮣,  㫥 ᥪ樨   ଠ  , 
   ஬ ᮧ ⢮७, ⥫쭮 㬬୮ ६ ᮧ,
   ६ ७ਭ  ,  ன   ந室.
     ᫮ ꥪ⮢  業   -,  
   㦥  .

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-8-2
Q:  ᬮ ⨭  ?

A:  ⢥: Andrew Horuzhenko
    ᪮஢ 㦭 ࠭  UUE-ᥪ樨  
   ⥪⮢ 䠩,   ⮬  "DOS Navigator"   
   Ctrl-F8.  襬 誥 㪠, 㤠 뢮 १.
   ᫨ ᮮ頥  訡, , ᪮॥ ᥣ, ஡  ࢮ
   ᥪ樨.     ᨬ '/' । 'begin'  砫
   䠩.
     砥  ᫨誮 㬭 ணࠬ, ⨯ Netscape,
   ࢠ ᥪ  ࠭   'name.jpg',    
   UUE-.   㦭 ࠭ ⤥쭮,  ⮬ ᮥ
      ᭮ 䠩,   ⮬  "DOS Navigator".
     짮 WinZip ᨨ 6.00  . ᫨  䠩
    UUE 㤥 ७ "*.uue",   㤥  直 ஡.
   ,   䨤譨/୥稪 ᪮  
   ஡⮢,   㦥 ᮢᥬ 㣮 .

A:  ⢥: Andrew Korobov
      ⠪  "⫨" 짮⥫ "Outlook"
   몠뢠 ⨢ 樨   ࣠樨   
   UUE-䠩.   ⮫  ⠪ ஡. 祬
   쭮 㯭 襭 襫. ,     ,
   ⮬  㬠,  ⎨  . ⠪:

     1.  "Outlook" 砥 ᮮ饭,   室 ᥪ樨
         UUE.    ᪮஢ ࠧ ᥪ樨 
        ࠧ묨 䠩,  ᫨  砩 쬮 - ⮦
        祣 譮.
     2.  "ꥤ  ᪮஢".
     3. ⢥  㭨  ⮣,  , ᫥ ࠭
        ⨪ MicroSoft, ᪠  䠩  ,  ࠧ
         "".
     4.  稫   -     ⮬
        ,  稢襬 쬥  "File"->"Save As..." 
        ࠭塞 쬮  ଠ "*.eml".
     5. ᪠ "DOS Navigator" (,  ᪮॥ ᥣ,  
        ⤥ ⨫, ࠧ騥  騥 ⥪⮢ 䠩
         ᥪﬨ UUE),  ਬ  'Ctrl+F8' ( "File"->"Decode
        UUE")   䠩.
          짮 WinZip',  ⮦ ⠪ .

     ࠡ⠥ ⮫쪮  _ࠢ쭮_ ⨭, .. 
   UUE-ᥪ    騬    .. 
   直 ᠬ१ "CD.JPG"  "" ⠪  ᯠ,
   祬, 㤥 ,  設⢮   
   ࠢ쭮!

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
9-8-3
Q:   ᤥ ᮢ ஥ १ su.render?

A:  ⢥: Andrew Horuzhenko
   .    ⮣  ᤥ .  ஡
   ⭮. 樠 ஥   筮
   ⥭, ⮡  蠫,   筮 ᢮
   ६, ⮡ ⨬ .  ,  ᮦ, 
   ᮢ⨬ - 訥   㤮 室 ६, ⮡
    쬠,    -   㧨 - . :(
     ,  ⠥.

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