ப 3DTUTOR v1.05  15.04.00.

  Internet:
3DFAQ:    http://members.xoom.com/brait/faq/3dfaq105.zip - 137Kb
3DTUTOR:  http://members.xoom.com/brait/faq/3dtut105.zip - 135Kb
 䠩:
www.saunalahti.fi/~nurbs/surender/info/3d_alex_grishanov_faq_v1_05.zip
www.saunalahti.fi/~nurbs/surender/info/3d_alex_grishanov_tutor_v1_05.zip

+ 㭪, ⬥祭 ⨬ ᨬ,    ।饩
  㡫樨 3DTUTOR  ७樨 SU.RENDER.
* 㭪, ⬥祭 ⨬ ᨬ,    ।饩
  㡫樨 3DTUTOR  ७樨 SU.RENDER.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
8.1 㤮⢥ :
---------------------------
  8.1.1  ᪠  ⥣ਨ ᢥ饭.
  8.1.2  ᪠  롮 梥⮢.
  8.1.3  ᪠  ᢥ饭.
  8.1.4  ᪠  " ਧ"  樨.


8.2  :
-----------------
  8.2.1  ᪠  ᭮ ⠭ ᢥ  業.
  8.2.2  ஢   /⨫.
  8.2.3  ࠢ  ࠦ  ꥪ⮢, 
         ?

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
8-1-1
Q: ᪠  ⥣ਨ ᢥ饭.

A:  ⢥: Gendri Cour

                           祬  ,
                       祬    ?


    ࠦ   3 : "", ""  "".
    ।,   ⥣ਨ ⭮ ⨭?
     "⮤ ७ " (  
   ,  業 樨):
      ⮤  ᥡ ⨭  ஥ ﭨ. ?
      , ⮡   ਭ ⨭ 뫠 ࠢ 
       -   栬.  让 㭮:


                                                         |
      0                |                                           |
      _________________|                                           |
       -------+------                                              |
             㪠                                           ⨭

         䮪 ᢮   襩 .
      ⨭ ᯫ뢥   梥⮢ ⭮.  મ ⮣
      ⭠ । ⨯ ⨭: ᢥ⫠,   ⥬.
      ⢥⢥ । 業 ( 襭
      ).

    ᢥ⫮ ⨭ (ਬ  ,  㯭
     䮭 ᢥ⫮ ⥭, 業⠬    )
   -   ⥬ ⭠  ᢥ⫮ 䮭.

    ⥬ ⨭ (ਬ   筮   
   ⭨ ᨤ  , 業⠬  4 ᢥ ⭠)
   - 1  業 (),  3 ⥯ 業
   (3 , ᢥ饭 ஬).

    ன ⨭ ( ,  ⠪   
    , મ ࠦ 業⮢ ) - 
   ந  ᭮   .  ᠬ ᫮ 
   ⨭,  ॡ 襭   ⠫.

    筥 ࠧ . 砫 , ⮬
   ⨪.  ⢥ ਬ 쬥 ⨭  ""
   ஦楬 (HEAVICAR.JPG by John Markov), 室 
   ७樨 SU.RENDER 26 ५ 1998 .  娢  ⨬
   䠩  ⨭ HEAVYCAR.JPG.

   ----------
   ࠢ .
     "᫨  ⨭  ꥪ,  
        ,     ।⠢ 
       ".
    ⨭ HEAVYCAR.JPG । 設 筮   
    -  ⫨筮.

   ----------
   ࠢ .
     " 業   ᨬ".
    饬,  ॢ ⠪ -  ⨭   
   ࠢ襭 ⠫ ( 梥  મ).

   ----------
   ࠢ .
     "᭮  樨 - ⠢  
       ⨭   ᪠  ".

   ਬ  ⨭ HEAVYCAR.JPG "⮤ ७ 鸞".
   ⨭ "⥬",   孥 ࠢ 㣫 ஢ - ᫨誮
   ⥬. ᯮ ⮤, ⠢塞 業:
     1.  (ᠬ મ ⭮). ࢮ,   楯
        .
     2.  ⮬ (⠪  મ ⭮,  ࠧ ).
     3. ⠫ 梥⮢ ⭠  ⥯묨.

    ᬮਬ,   :

     1 - ;
     2 - ࠢ  (ࠢ  鸞 );
     3 -  ⭨     ( ࠢ);
     4 - ࠢ । ,  ⥬  ।
          ( -०  -ࠢ-ࠢ);
     5 -    ( ࠢ    );

      ஡, 訩  ⮩ 窥 業 
   ࠢ ࠢ ( 樨  鸞) -  ࠢ
   ,   . 諨  ࠭ ⨭, 
   "襫".  ᫨ ७  ࠢ-....
   ୥   4-5:

     5 -    ( ࠢ   );
     6 - ࠢ--,  ;

     ᫮ :  ⠭   㤠
   ࠢ  (  訩 業)  楯 :

     7 -   ;
     8 - .

      .   浪.
    ॢ   ࠢ  鸞 ᯮ
   ࠧ ।⢠-業:  ( ), ࠢ
     .. ⮬ ᫨  ⨭  ⢮
   ,    뢠  ஥ 樨 ⨭
   ( 梥⮢ ⭮).

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
8-1-2
Q: ᪠  롮 梥⮢.

A:  ⢥: Eugene Kurtukov

                     ᫮ 梥 ।

      த      ﭭ . 
   ﭭ  ࠧ ॠ  ᢥ饭,  ⠢
   ⥫쭮 ⫥ । 梥, ᢮⢥ 
   梥.  ࠪ⨪ ⠭ । ।⠢ 
   梥 ।⮢   . ,  ।
   梥 "", " ", "᪮ "  .. ﭭ
   梥, 騩  ।, 뢠 ᮡ⢥ 
   .   襩 ࠪ⨪  , ⠪  ⠪
     .    ᪨  
   "᭠", ⠪   ਬ ⠪ ᪨.
      㤭 ⠭,   ⢨⥫쭮 梥⭠
   ᪠ ।       ;  
   ᫮ ࠧ஭ ᢥ饭 ᮡ⢥ 梥 
     ⮣,   ࠪ ᢥ⮢ ।  筨
   ᢥ. ⢥ 梥, ࠭ ⭮⥫쭮 ⢮,
   ਮ⠥ ⥭, ࠦ騥 ᫮ ᢥ饭, ॢ 
   梥 ᫮.   ਬ஢.  ⠪  ᭮.
     ࠦ, ஥ ந ⮫쪮 ᮡ⢥ 梥,
   㤥 ᪨  ,   ࠧ ⢥ ᫮
   ᢥ饭. ࠢ ந ⢨⥫쭮 ॡ
   ࠢ쭮 ।  , ⠪  ᫮ 梥⮢.
      ⨭ ⥯ ᫮ ᮡ⢥ 梥 뢠
   ࠦ ।  㦠饩 ⠭.  
   ᫮ 梥⮢ ।  뢠  㦠 ।
     ⨭ ᮧ ᭮ ⢮ ࠧ梥
   ।⮢.
   ᫥⥫쭮 ஢ ਭ樯 ᫮ 梥⮢
   ᮧ  ⨭ ⢮ ᭮ ﭨ. 
   ୮   ᥬ ࠬ .
      ਭ樯 ᫮ 梥⮢ ᭮뢠 譠 
   ᢥ⮢ ᯥ⨢  孨 । ᯥ⨢ .
   ⠪,  梥 । ᥣ ᫮.   
   ᢥ ࢮ筨    ,  ந室
      ஧筮 ।. ⢮ ᮡ⢥ 梥
   ।⮢   ୮  ᫮ ᢥ饭
    ﭭ ஧筮 ᠬ ।⮢.
________ ᪮ 㯫
        ᫮  梥 ।⮢  ᮪.
        ⮢ ࠭ "⥫", "",
   ""  ⮬  ᪨.    梥 
   ᪨ ᫮ ᢥ饭.  ⮡    
   ࠩ    ⮢  ⢥묨 栬, 㦭
   ⢥म ࠧ ᮡ⢥  ᫮ 梥 ।⮢ 
    ᫮, 騥  ᪮ ਠ.
     襭 । ᫮ 梥  ᮪
   ᨮ쭮 ᯮᮡ 㤮.

                     ⢨⥫쭮 ७

      । ࠭祭묨 ।⢠  ॠ
   ࠤ樨 ᢥ  த ᭮뢠  ᫥ 
   ᢮⢠ ७.
     ࢮ ᢮⢮ 砥  ⮬,    ⠭
   મ ᢥ饭, ᫥ । ண ⢨⥫쭮
   ७  ᢥ 㬥蠥,  . ⨬ ७
   ᯮᠡ  ᢥ⮢ ⠭,   ࠭塞
   ᯮᮡ   મ ᢥ     ⥬, 
   ⭮ .  ࠪ⨪  મ ᢥ 
   ᯮᮡ   ⢨⥫쭮 ७  ஬
   祭.
     ஥ ᢮⢮ 襣 ७ 砥  ⮬,  
   મ ᢥ饭 -ࠧ    ⨥ 譨
    । - ⠭, ᢥ⥭  梥,  ᮡ⢥,
   ⠪  ᫮.   મ ᢥ  ,
   ᮥ  ⨯ ⠭  ⠢ ⥫ ࠧ,
   ࠪਧ騩  . । ࠪ ᢥ⥭,
   梥  ⠭,  ।  ⨭ ।
   ﭨ த.      ⢨⥫쭮,
     ਬ ࠧ.  ᫥ த  ᮫⭮ મ
   ᢥ,  ࠢ ।祩 ᮡ⥩ 譨 ᢮
   ।⮢   મ ᢥ   ﭨ
   ⢨⥫쭮 ७. ஬  ᢥ饭
   ࠪ᪨   ࠧ   ⥯ - ᨫ쭠,
   ।  ᫠.
      ࠢ⥫쭮 ࠪ⨪  ⥯ ᢥ饭
   ᫥       
   譥  ।⮢, 쬠   .
      ᨫ쭮 ᢥ饭  ᫥饥 ﭨ ᢥ.
   ।  饭 ᮪,  ਮ ᢥ⫮-
    .  ન   ਮ ८, ᢥ-
   ⥭ ⭮襭 ਮ  ࠪ. 騥 
   ᮡ⢥ ⥭ ਭ १ ⠭.  
   嬥୮ ।⮢   ࠧ⥫쭮, 
   饩 ࠧ ⨭ 饭 ᮪ ।稢 
   ⥭. 䫥  ⮬  ᨬ ⥭ᨢ
   梥. (   "᪮᪨ ਪ" )
      ᫠ ᢥ饭 । 㦠  ⥬, 
   ,  ⠭, ५, 梥    ᢥ饭
      ⭮ ⥯ 梥, 䠪...  ⮬
   砥  ᮡ⢥   ⥭ ᫮
   ࠪ஬ 筨 ᢥ.    砥  ⥭ 
   ⥬ ⥭ ᮡ⢥ -    ਥ ᨬ쭮
   ⥬ 饣 䮭.
      । ᢥ饭 । ਮ ᨬ
   饭 ᮡ⢥ 梥⮢. ᮡ મ 㯠 
   ᢥ饭  梥⮢ ⭮襭,  ᮪ 
   ࠧࠧ  ⥭. ⢥  騥 ⥭  祭
    ࠭.  ⮭, ᮡ⢥   ⥭ 梥
   ਮ ᫮ ࠪ  ﭨ  筨
   ᮡ⢥  ࠦ ᢥ. 䫥  ।
   ᢥ饭   મ   .
      祭 ⥯ ᢥ饭 ᫥  
    ⮫쪮  મ ᢥ饭,    ࠪ.  ⥯
   ᢥ饭   אַ  ﭭ ᢥ. ⮬,
    ࠢ⥫쭮 ࠪ⨪ ⥯ ᢥ饭, 
      ࠢ⥫ ࠪ⨪ אַ 
   ﭭ ᢥ. אַ ᢥ   ⥯ ᢥ饭
   ਤ  ।⠬  嬥୮,
   ୮. ⢥  騥 ⥭  ⮬ ਮ
   १ ࠭, ⭮  䠪 孮.
   ࠦ   ꥬ, 易, ᮬ.
     ﭭ ᢥ   ⥯ ᢥ饭 ਤ
   ।⠬  筮, ᭮.  䠧
   ᢥ⥭ ਮ  .
        ᢥ饭 祧,  ।  
   , ᨫ, . ᫨  אַ ᢥ饭
    ᢥ,  䠧 ᢥ⥭, ५  ⨪,
     ᥨ ᢥ ८ 梥, 梥⮢ ⭮襭,
   ⮭ ⥭,  ᮪.
       쥧   ,  ७,
   ᯮᠡ  । ⥯ ᢥ饭,  ᥣ
   ਭ 譨 ᢮⢠  ।⮢,  
   ஬ ᢥ⫮  ᠬ ᢥ  ᠬ ⥬.
   ஬ ᢥ⫮  મ ᮫筮 ᢥ饭  
    ⥭, ᢥ饭 ﭭ  ࠦ ᢥ⮬. ⮬ 
   ⠪ ⠭  饭 ᮪, ⪮ ,
   ᭠ ஢  ਭ  ⥭.  ᢥ
   ᪨ 롥, ⠭ ᯫ뢠, 梥 . 
   ᠬ ⥬  ᪨ ભ, ᯫ뢠 ⠭,
    䠪ୠ ।⭮ .
     ஬ ᢥ⫮  । ᢥ饭  
    ᢥ饭 ,    ⨢ ᮪,
    ⮭ ⨥ ⥭ 梥, 梥⮢ ᮮ⭮襭,
   ᭮   .  ࠪ  ᢥ饭 ,
    ஬ ᢥ⫮,  । ᢥ饭  
   祧   ⥭, ⠪   ᢥ .
      ࠡ  ⠪ ⠭ ,  ன  뫮
    ࠧ ।  ঠ   ७  ᠬ ᢥ,
    ஬筮 ᢥ⫮  ᠬ ⥬ , 
    뢭 ࠢ ⮭  ᢥ⮢ ⭮襭
    ᠬ ᢥ⫮  ᠬ ⥬.   ᫮ 
    ஬ 㯥    襩 筮 
   ࠢ. 祭   ࠡ  ।⮬  
   樮 ࠡ ⢮ 襥   ⨭
   ᪮ ⮩ ᢥ⫮,  ன ⢨⥫쭮 ७ 
   ᥣ ᯮᮡ.  ࠢ 㤥 ࠦ ᢥ⮢
   ⠭  孨᪨   ࠪਧ ⨯
       ᢥ饭.
      롮 ᢥ饭  樮 業 ⨭ ᫥
   뢠 २⢠ । ᢥ饭. 樮
   業 ⨭    ࠧࠡ⠭  㡮 
    ᮤঠ,  梥  ଥ.  ࠧ⥫쭮  
   ⢠  ࠦ "業ࠫ쭮 ᮭ"   
   ᫮ । ᢥ饭.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
8-1-3
Q: ᪠  ᢥ饭.

A:  ⢥: Eugene Kurtukov

                        ᮡ⢥  ࠦ

      뢠   ਬ ।,  ,
    .  ᢥ  ਭ ᢥ⫮ 
   ⥬, 梥⭮  梥⭮, ५䭮  ᪮,  
   .   室 ᫮ ⥫쭮
   ,  襬 ᮧ ᮧ  
   ⥫ ࠧ.  ᢥ  㥬  த.
    ⮬  梥⮢  ᥣ   
     鸞  ᢥ, ⥫쭮   諥.
   ꥪ⮬ ࠦ   ⮫쪮  ।,   ⮩
       筨 ᮡ⢥  ࠦ
   ᢥ. ᮡ  ᮡ⢥ ᢥ  ⠪ ⥫,
    ᮫, , ᪠ ⠫  .  
   ࢮ筨 ᢥ.  ᪠ ⥫, ࠭ 
   ஧筮 । ,   㦠騥 ।, ॢ頥 
    筨 ࠦ ᢥ. 筨 ࠦ ᢥ  ᢮
   । ࠭ ࠦ ᢥ,   
   㦠騥 ।. , ᮢ㯭 ⥫,  אַ 
   ࠦ ᢥ, ⠢ ᢥ⮢ ।.   ।
    筨 ᢥ,   ࠭ ᢥ,  
   ७  ⠢  ᮧ ⥫ ࠧ. ࢮ⥯
   祭  ᢥ 筨 ᮡ⢥ ᢥ. ⥭ᨢ
    ᯥࠫ ⠢ ᢥ 筨 ।
   ᢥ饭 - 襥 ⥫⢮, ।饥 
   ࠪ⨪ ࠦ,   ᭮  : 
      ᢥ⫮.  筨 ᮡ⢥ ᢥ ।
   뢠 ।⮬ ࠦ - ᨫ ᢮ ᢥ,
   ᮨਬ  ࠧ⥫묨 ।⢠. , ਬ,
     㬠, ᢥ饭 ᮫楬,   祬  25 ࠧ
   ᢥ⫥ ᠬ ୮ ।.    ᢥ⫮,
    ᯮ 㤮.  ᮡ  
   ᯥࠫ ⠢ ᮫筮 ᢥ -  ᮢ㯭
   ࠧࠧ 梥 祩.  㣨, ᮡ 梥,
   筨 ।⠢ ᮢ㯭 襣 ⢠
   ⥭ᨢ 梥 祩.   ⥬  
   ᯥࠫ ⠢ ᢥ -  ᨫ 䨮⮢, ᨭ,
      ८騬  ᯥ ⠭ ,
   ࠭  .
      筨 ⢥ ᢥ饭  -
   ࠭ ᢥ⮬.   ᢥ ᨭ   梥 ભ, 
     ਮ  મ,  । ਮ
   ⥬ ⥭,   ⨭ ਭ 騩 ࠭-
     訬 ⢮ ⥬ ।⮢  ⥭.
     , ஬ ᢥ ᭮ 筨,  ⥫⢮ 
   梥⮢    ᢥ ⥯ 筨
   אַ  ࠦ ᢥ.  筨 । ⭮
   ᢥ饭, ᨬ  㦠饩 ।. ࠦ ᢥ 
   㦠 ࠧ梥 ।⮢ ਤ ⥭  ⮭
    । ࠧࠧ ᢥ⫮  ,  ᥣ
      ⥭,  ﭨ ⥯ 筨
   ᢥ ⠭  . ⮭, ⥭  䫥
   ᥣ  ࠪ  ⭮ ᢥ饭. 
   ࠧ  饣 ᥬ⭮ ᢥ饭 ⮭, ⥭
    䫥 ࠦ ᢥ饭    ।⮢
   梥⮢ ࠧࠧ, ஥  , ਤ  ᮡ,
   ᢮⢥ ⮫쪮  ⠭ ࠪ, 㠫
   ⥭.  ࠢ쭮 ।  室, ०
   ᥣ,    אַ ᢥ  ⥫쭮
   筨. ⥬ -  । ࠦ ᢥ.  ८
   אַ  ࠦ ᢥ. ᭮ ।⠢ ᥡ,  
   ४ ⮪ אַ, ﭭ  ࠦ ᢥ
   室 ࠦ ।. 뤥  ⢥ 
   ࠪ  ᢥ⮢ ⠭.  ⥫쭮
    砩   ᢥ饭.
      ,   ,  ࠦ 砥
   ஭ ᢥ饭  ࠭ ࠦ ᢥ. 
   㦠饥 ।⠢ । 筨 ᮡ⢥ 
   ࠦ ᢥ.  த -   ᢥ ⥫.

                       ⥭ ।⮢

     אַ  ࠦ ᢥ ࠧ  த ᢥ⮢ ।.
    । ᥣ 㦥  ⮪ ᢥ   
   । ⨢⮨   ᪮쪮 筨 ᢥ,
   ࠧࠧ  ᢥ⫮  梥.
     ⮢ । ﭭ  ୮ । ᢥ⥭
   ।  ᢥ⥭ ⭮襭  ࠧ筮 ᢥ饭 ⥩.
   ⥭ ⭮襭 ᥣ אַ ய樮 ᨫ
   㦠 筨 ᢥ.  ⥭ ᮮ⢥
   ⨢騬 ।⠬ - 筨 ࠦ ᢥ. 
    ᢥ⮢ ।  ᢥ⥭, 梥,
   ࠧ⥫쭮 ५, ࠪ ⠭  㣨 譨 
   ।⮢. 訩 ᢥ - , ᢥ饭 砬 
   筨 אַ ᢥ (㣮   ᢥ饭 ᪮ = 90
   ࠤᮢ). ⮭ - , ᢥ饭 묨 砬 
   筨 אַ ᢥ (㣮  90). ,  ⮭
   室  ⥭, ।⠢ ᮡ ࠭  ᢥ⮢ 
   ⥭  ।. , ᮡ⢥ ⥭ - , 騥
   ।⢥  । , ᢥ饭  筨.
   ⢥ ⥭, 
   ࠢ,  ᢥ饭  ।. 騥 ⥭ -
   ,  ᫮   筨 -
   ।⮬; 猪 ᮡ⢥ ⥭   ⥭. 䫥 -
   ⥭ , ᢥ饭 ࠦ ᢥ⮬ ⥯
   䫥 筨.  ⥭ - ⥭ ,
   ᫮  ࠦ ᢥ ⥯ 筨. 
    ⮭  ⠢  ᢥ⮢  ।, 
    ᢥ.  窠  ᢥ   ᢥ⫥ 
   窨  ⥭. ⥭ ⭮襭   묨
    묨   ᢥ⫮, ⠪   梥. ⭮
   ⭮襭  ᢥ⫮ 㤥 ⥬ , 祬  ࠧ  ᨫ
   ᢥ ࠧ 筨  ᢥ⮢ ।. ⥭
   ⭮襭  묨  ᫮ ࠢ୮ ஭
   ᢥ饭. । - ઠ ᢥ⮢ ।.  । -
      । ࠧ 㦠 ।. 
   । । -   ⥫쭮  । 
    ।,  .

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
8-1-4
Q: ᪠  " ਧ"  樨.

A:  ⢥: Eugene Kurtukov

   >>     墠 ⥬,   ⪨
   >> ࠢ । 業 ࠡ, ⠪   ᥣ 
   >> 㬥     業 ꥪ⨢.
   > 㪠. ࠢ- .   뫠. 㣮 , 
   >  ⢨⥫쭮  "⪨"   ਬ ⢮᪨.

   ᫮.... ਬ. (-... ਬ  㤥 ᬠਢ 
   CorelDraw!).  ࠬ  768576. ⠢塞 
   ࠢ騥 (1,1) - ⨪  ਧ⠫,   ᢮
   ।,     אַ㣮쭨.
   ⥬,   (  אַ㣮쭨) ,  1/2
     ਧ⠫쭮 ࠢ饩 (2).  ⮣ -  稫
   業 ࢮ 㦭, ࠤ ன ࠢ 1/4  襣
    (祭 1  2).   ᮧ  
   ਧ⠫ (3,4, - ᢥ ) ࠢ 1/3  , 
   १ 祣,  砥 業 ன 㦭 (祭
   1  3).  ன ࠢ ᮮ⢥⢥ 1/3.  
   㦭  묨 業ࠬ. ᪠   ⨪
   ࠢ騥 -  㦭 ᠫ   .
   稫 쭮   祭 來 奬.  
     ந ᨬ쭮 㤮ਬ ࠦ.

   ਧ
     1. "᮪"       - 1 - 3 (࠭⢮  ⨬ ﬨ)
     2. "ଠ"    - 4 - 1 (࠭⢮  ⨬ ﬨ)
     3. ""        - 4 - 2 (࠭⢮  ⨬ ﬨ)

    ᫮ 筮,    祭, 
   ᯮ ᢮ ।  ᢮ 樮 奬.
   । 奬 ஥ _ਧ_ ࠪୠ  ⠪
   뢠 ᪮ 樧.  ᫨  쬥 
   ९த  "।" (, ) -  㢨
    奬   稢. .
   ᫨   奬,  ⠬    ᪮쪮
   אַ㣮쭨  אַ㣮쭨,  ਡ⥫쭠 奬
   ।  梥⮢ 饭.   ⥬ ࠭
   ᯮ짮  ᯮ ࠪ ।⮢  ᮧ
   - 業. 祭  ⠫栬.
   ન ਬ - 稭 "ᥭ " -   
    宫.  稭 㦨    ࠢ 
     ... --!
    奬,  ⮩   ⥯,  , 
   ਠﬨ  ஭ "".     "" - "...
   ⮬ ᥧ  㤮 ᯮ ⠭ ᪮
   ମ  ..." -  ⮩ ࠧ,  ,  
     ᨭ⥧  ࠧ ࠢ,  ࠧ
     ᮣ᭮ ᢮ .  ⮡  룫拉 ମ筮,
   㤮 ॡ ਢ  ᢮ ࠡ  ᮡ
   樨,  ࠪ  ⮣ .    
   ࠡ 뢠    奬.
     ⨬,  ।  ᪨ ମ   
    .  ᯮ㥬   奬,    
   ࠧ  אַ㣮쭨 (3,1,3,2) 뢠  ,
      ᢮ । 稢  ⮩  奬.  ⠪
    ࠣ,  ᯮ ।騩 אַ㣮쭨.
         !!!  ஬ ⮩ 奬  祣!
   㡨 ... , ⢫. .
       㤮,  ࠡ 奬 "⮥ 祭",
     奬    ਨ  4- .   
    뫮 㯮  祡 祭.

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
8-1-1
Q: ᪠  ᭮ ⠭ ᢥ  業.

A:  ⢥: Sergey Kapitsin
   --... ⮩ .    ᮢ   3D?
   ᫨  3D,  ਠ : ᢥ饭  ꥪ ⠪, ⮡
   뫮 ᨢ (  ୮ 䮭 ;),  ᢥ饭 ॠ쭮
   ( ⥭饩  ॠ) 業.

   1) ᢥ饭 ꥪ.  ਭ樯, 祬  ⫨砥 
      "ᢥ饭"  2D.  ᭮, 騩 筨. 
      ⥫ 筨, ᢥ騩  ᮢ뢠騩  ,
        ⥭  ࢮ.   䫥,  ஢ ᢥ,
      騩 ࠦ ᢥ  㣨 孮⥩. ⠢
      ᡮ   ᧠, ⮡ ભ .
   2) ᢥ饭 業. 室  ⮣,   । - 筨
      ᢥ. ஬ ⮣,  ᮫ ( ;),  ,
      䠪  ..
       浪:
        )  . ᫨ ᮫ ᢥ " ",  
           ॡ "ᮢ" ⠫  ⥭,  墠
           ࠢ 筨 (directional, distant - 
            -ࠧ)  ambient,  ⮫쪮 ॣ㫨
           㡨 ⥭.
            뢠,  ᫨ ᭮ 筨 "⥯",  ⥭
             "宫묨"  .
        )  ᢥ " ",   饭   ஭
           ꥪ⮢ 室  ⥭.    
           筨, 饣 ,  ⠫  ꥪ
             .  ⥫ 筨 (omni,
           point),  㤥 ᮢ뢠   ⥭
           ᭮ 筨. 㬥,   
           "宫". , ᫨  ⮦ 㤥 뢠 ⥭,
               "".  筨 ⮦ 
            "" (area light)  ᪮쪮 筨, 
           筮 ⭮,  ⥭ ᪮쪮.
        )   . "" . , ﭭ
           ᢥ ᢥ.  㡮 ⥭.  ᥣ
            " 筨".
        )   饭.  殮 砩.   
           ᯮ,  ᢥ  ⮫쪮 筨 ᢥ,   
           ᢥ饭 । ( ⮬  ᭮ 
           radiosity). ᫨ "᮫   ",    
            મ ᢥ饭 אַ㣮쭨.  ⢮ ன
           筨 ᢥ.   omni', ᤥ  ⠪
           "⥯". , ᢥ  ⮫쪮 ᮫,   .
           ᥬ - "" 宫 筨  , ⮡
           ஢  ᢥ    .  ᢥ頥
           , ⥭,  ⮫. ⮬   ⮦ 
           ⠢  ᫨誮 ⥭ᨢ "" 筨 
           ᠬ ᢥ饭 . ⥭ᨢ 筨 אַ
           ய樮쭠 મ 孮.
        )   ᠬ,  ᮫    ᢥ.  㡨ࠥ
           ࠢ 筨, 騩 ᮫,  筨,
           騩  ᢥ  "᮫筮 אַ㣮쭨".
           , 筨  ⥭, ⮫     ᨫ.

    ᬮ५    ਠ ᢥ饭, , 㬠, ⮣
    筮, ⮡ ᭨ ᭮ ਭ樯 ⠭
   ᢥ.

A:  ⢥: Cyrill Spiridonov
   George Maestry  ⠪ ᮢ (᪠뢠 ᢮ ᫮):
   ᬮ  ,    ⭮  ᢥ ⠢
   -ࠧ   ࠬ  ᯥਬ⠫쭮 (ᨫ쭮
    ), ४ 稭 ᯥਬ  ⠭
   ᢥ  "the basic 3-light setup":
   ⠢ 3 筨 ᢥ: 騩 (key light), 騩
   (fill light)  ஢ (backlight). 騩 ᢥ - 
   筨,  ࠢ ᠬ ⥭ᨢ,  ࢮ ਡ
   ⠢ ᯥ।-ᢥ-ࠢ ( ᫥)  45 ࠤᮢ.
    騩 ᢥ "" ⥭, ⮬  쭥襬 
     ⠪, ⮡    ⥭.
    饣  砥  祭
   (᫠) ⥭, 筮 騩 ᢥ ⠢  
   , ⮡   諨 ࠫ쭮 ""    
   ⥭ (  ⪫ 뢠 ⥭  ⮣
   筨). ஢ ᢥ 㦥  ᮧ ⪮ 
    ᢥ頥 ꥪ,  ⠢ ᧠,  ᡮ 
    , 祬 騩.  ࠧ 砥 "ࠫ쭮"
   ᢥ饭, ஥ ⥬    , ⮡
    室 ஥.    筨
   ᢥ, ⮡ ᢥ - ⠫. ⥫묨
   筨 ᢥ  ஢ ࠤ, ⠢ ᫠
   梥 筨 ᢥ  ᮮ⢥ 孮⥩
   (ᠬ  孮  ⠢  exclude-ᯨ᪨ 
   筨).

    ᠥ ⥮ਨ ᢥ饭  ⥫,  ஡
     뫪 (  ).  ⥮  ⮫쪮 
   ᢥ,     ᥩ -孮.  ਬ 
    ୮ 䨪.   砫쭮 ࠭:
       http://cybercollege.com/tvp_ind.htm

A:  ⢥: Denis Sedov
    ⥯ ३  !  ।     
   ᢥ.  ᭮  ᠥ 業,   䨧᪨ 筨
   ᢥ. 筮  ᯮᮡ  ਬ   ᫥
   筨,    ᭥,   ᪠뢠 
    筨. ।⠢ ᥡ ᢮ 業,   筨.
   , ᫨  Omni,   । ࠤ, -  業
    堭 (᫨  ) 㦭  ꥪ ⠢ 
     筨 ᢥ, 祬  ᨬ  ஧筮
    Umbra Intensity ( ,    -  ࠬ,
   㡮 , 뢠 ᫨ 0 -  ⥭ , ᫨ 1 -  .
      SoftImage),    ᤥ Exclude ⮬ ꥪ,
    ஬ ⮨ 筨,  ॣ㫨஢ ⥭ᨢ 筨.
     ᨬ  業 ࠦ  મ 梥, 
   ⥭ᨢ 筨, ⥫쭮 ᤥ  ⮣  梥,
    ꥪ.
     ⠢ 筨 "᫮".  ᫮ 
    1-3,    . ᫥騥 ᫮ ⠢
      襣 筨, 祬 ᫨   ꥪ
    ⠢  筨,   㢥 ⥭ᨢ 
   㦥 饣.
    ⥯ ᠬ ᭮, ᫨ 筨 Spot,    뢠,
    ,  ᯮ짮  "᫮"  Omni - Spot, 祬
   뢠 㣮 ࠦ (   易⥫쭮).    "᫮"
   筨, ᫥ Cone Angle  ,  Spread
   Angle - - 180 ࠤᮢ. ன, ⠪     ।饬
   ਬ. , 祭 ।,  砥, ᫨  ᬮ
    筨 ᢥ,   ஭ ꥪ⮢,   ,
     ᢥ饭. , ᫨    ⠪ 稫,
   㦭 ⠢   Omni ( ᫥ "᫮" ) 
     ,  ⮫쪮 ᧠ , ⮡  室
   १ ᪨ 業 ⨭. 祬 ⥭ᨢ 
       ⥭ᨢ  筨.
     砭, ⥭ᨢ "᫮ 筨" 
   뢠  ᪮ ணᨨ  㤠  
   筨,   室  ᫥騩 ᫮.   蠫 
   ᤥ 筨 ᢥ AreaLight  쪮 頤 (
   ⮦  SoftImage).


A:  ⢥: Oleg Ivanov
     ஥ ६ ࠬ  ࠡ⠫
   ।  ⠢ ᢥ  業..
   ० ᥣ  ᪠,   ६ ⠫ 
   ॠ筮 ⨭ ⥬ ⠢ ᢥ ⠪    ,
        ᠬ ..  ᮦ, 㡥, 
   ⠪ ᯮᮡ ॠ筮 ⨭  .. ⠫ ⠢
   ᢥ  ,  ࠬ  ᯮ  
   ॠ쭮 ⨭ -  祭 ୮   ࠢ  ᮢᥬ
   ..
    饬,  ⮣,  ᥣ ࠢ ᥡ  ࠢ 쭮
   ⮩ ᯮᮡ.  ࠩ ,    ࠡ⠥.
   砥  ᫥饬: ᭮ ஡  ᢥ⪥
   ஢ - ⠬   "᮫" ⠢,  ᢥ
   ࠧ த ᢥ⨫쭨.  , ᯥࢠ 㦭 ⠢ 
    ᢥ⨫쭨. 祬, 筨    㦨 ᢮
   אַ 楫 - ᢥ 業.  㦭  ⮣, ⮡ 
   ન ⪨, "᫥"  ᢥ⨫쭨. ᯮ짮  ᥣ
   SpotLight,    ࠢ塞. ᫨ ᢥ⨫쭨 ᢥ "
   㣫"  孮,   ,    "稪"
    ࠪ᪨  ࠬ.  㣮 ,  㣮 , 
   ﭨ  孮 (祬, ᭮. ਬ, "稪"
   室  , 祬 㦭. ᫨   ᫥ ਤ (
     ࠧ 㤠 )    ( Y), 
    ࠧ  稪  孮).
   ᫥ ⮣,   ⠢ ᯮ⥫ 筨 
   ન ࠪ ᢥ⨫쭨 -  㦥 㯠 
   ன ᭮ ᢥ⪨ 業. 祬,  
   ⠭ 筨    ,   ᯮ⥫.
   쪮 ⥯  筨 㦥  ᢥ 業   
    㦥 Omni. ,  ᯮ⥫ 筨  
     ⥭ ( ࠩ ,    뫮  
   ,    뫮 室).  ᫨  ᢥ ⠪, 
   ᢥ  業  ⮩ 孮,    -
   㦭 ࠭ ࠤ  ⢨ ( ࠩ ,  LightWave
    )..
    饬,  ⠪ ਭ樯  ᤥ 㦥    
   譨   (, 祭 祭   ᢥ饭
   ᫮ 筨 >100)  祭 ࠤ, .. ࠭ ᯥ⨢
   ⠢ ᢥ    業 뢠    ᪨.

A:  ⢥: Georgy Zadvornov
    ⮦  ᪠,    ॠ筮 ᢥ饭 ;)
    , 筮 ⠢ ॠ쭮 騥 筨.
   ⥬ ᮧ ﭭ ᢥ饭 -  ⮣,   ꥪ
   (᪮쪨 ꥪ⮢) ᯮ  ᪮쪮 筨 (
   ᭮ Target Direct  ࠤᮬ ᢥ饭, ॢ騬 ࠧ
   ꥪ). ,  , ᠬ   ॠ筮 .
      ⨣ 䥪 ᢥ, ࠦ 㣨
   ꥪ⠬). ᫥ ⠢ 筨,  ન
   ஥ 業, 㢥稢 ࠧ⥫쭮  ꥪ⮢.
    ᮧ ॠ 祭  ஦ (  3DS Max
   ⠪ 뢠 筨, ᯮ騥  ᢥ饭 ⥪)
    ⮩ 㬠  - ன ⥪ன.
    ⠪ ᢥ饭  ᫮ 業 砥  
   筨,  筮 ᨫ쭮 㤭 ࠡ... :(

A:  ⢥: Alexey Douk
   ᫥ த⥫   ॠ  嬥୮ ஢
     ࠡ⠫  室  ⠭ ᢥ 
    饭.
    楯 ⭮  ࠡ  3DS Max,   㬠  
   ਬ   㣨 . H筥  ᭮ ஡. 
   砥 :
     1. 設⢮ 筨 ᢥ  ⥫ ࠧ ,
         ᫥⢨,  ࠧ  ࠧ ⥭.
     2.   ८ࠦ ᢥ,    50%
        孮⥩ ᢥ頥  묨 筨 ᢥ, 
        ᢥ⮬, ࠦ  㣨 孮⥩.
    ࢮ ஡  ਤ  ⮩   ⥯ ᬨ,
   ᪮  ࠩ 讥 ⢮ 3D-ணࠬ,
   ᯮ  ७ਭ, ⫨  ࠤ,  
    ᢮ ᥭ 筨 ᢥ 㫥 ࠧ.  3DS Max
    RayGun 2.5 ( ⮢)  筮  Alias Design Studio
   ( 䠭⮢ NURBS).  裡  ᪠  筮
   ⪠뢠  筨 ᢥ  ३३ᮢ묨 ⥭ﬨ.
   ᪫祭 ⠢ ᮫ ᢥ  , ᫨  .
   (筮  ᯮ짮 SoftLight,   ॠ쭮 ⮫쪮 
   祭    設).  筨 ᢥ 
   "Shadow Maps"-⥭ﬨ 㦭   ࠬࠬ "Size"  "Smp
   Range".  㤠筮 ⠭  ॢ室  ⥭. "Smp
   Range"  ⠢  10,  "Size" 祭   ᫮
   業.
     ⠭ 筨 ᢥ.  ᢥ⨫쭨
    ⮫   ᯮ㥬 "Omni",  ᪨  
   ᢥ⨫쭨,  ᪮騩 ᢥ  -
   孮⥩, "Spot". ᫨  筮 讥 ⢮
   ⨯ 筨 ᢥ, 㥬  १ "Instance", ⮡
   ᢮⢠ ⥬  뫮    ࠧ. HH!  
   ⠢ 筨  砥,   易⥫쭮 浪
   砥  ࠨ "Attenuation"   "Far". ⥬ 蠥,
     ⨫쭨  襬 饭 ᠬ ન. 砥 
    ⥭ (᫨ ᢥ⨫쭨 ᨫ쭮 㫥 ࠧ,  
   ᨬ஢ -६ 筨 ᢥ),  祭
   "Multiplier" ⠢  1.2  1.7. ⥬ ਢ 祭
   "Multiplier"  ⠫ 筨 ᢥ  뢠饩.  
   筨  ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨  
   ꥪ,    ⥭, 祢  ᮧ
   饣 ࠧ 饭. ᫨ ⠪ ,  ⢥
   ன, 묨 㦭 ஢ -  "Color","Multiplier"
    "Attenuation".  ୥  ன ஡, 㪠
    砫 ⮩ . 㬥  ࠤ 
    ॢ室 १⮢   ८ࠦ ᢥ,
      쬠  ॠ묨  ⠪ ணࠬ
    "LightScape", 뢠 祭 訥 ࠭祭 
   ᫮ ਨ.    ⮩ १,
   室  ⨬஢    ॠ⠩
   襪,     ⮬ ७ਭ   
   ,   樨    . ࠧ ॥, 
     १⮬    㦥   䥪 ᨬ஢
   묨 筨 ᢥ. 뫮   ࠢ  㯮
    "Cebas ProOpticSuite", , ࠡ  ᢮
   筨 ᢥ,  ⮬᪨ ஢
   ८ࠦ ᢥ,       筮
   ࠢ塞.  㤥 ஢ ࠤ 묨 筨
   ᢥ "Omni"  ⥭  "Attenuation",   ࠧ⨬
    મ ᢥ饭 ꥪ⮢.   ᮮ⢥⢨  梥⮬
   ꥪ,  "Multiplier"   ࠧ , 祬  ᠬ
   ᪫ ᢥ⨫쭨 (    ࠢ   ,
   ᫨ 孮 ᢥ饭 ન ᮫楬  ). ஬ ⮣ ᠬ
   孮,   ᢥ, 㦭   ᯨ᮪ "Exclude"
   ⮣ 筨 ᢥ,   㤥 ⢥ .
     孮, ८ࠦ騥 ᢥ, ᪮॥ ᥣ  
   ᮢᥬ  筮 ࠧ (  ⥭,  ), 筨
   ᢥ ᫥ ᯮ   ꥪ⮢,   
   ᥣ   ८ࠦ ᢥ. ஬ ⮣ 祭 䥪⨢
      "Attenuation" ய樮
   ⠡஢ 筨 ᢥ. 㬥   ᫠
   室  ठ 몠 ᢥ  ᥬ 孮. 筮
   ᤥ    ᢥ饭    ⨢
   梥⮬.
   ८ࠦ ᢥ  祭   ⨢ 孮⥩ (,
   મ 襭 ⥭) ᫥ ஢ 筨 ᢥ
   ࠢ묨  ᨫ  ᢥ⨫쭨.  ⨦  
   ᢥ   筨 ᢥ ᮮ⢥騥, ਬ
   ᢥ⨫쭨  ஧묨 ࠬ   "Projector"
    ⨯ "Noise".  ⠪ ।⮢,  ⥫, 
    ᫠ 筨 ᢥ  ⥪ன  ࠦ 
   "Projector".   ࠧ  ⨪ (⨬ 
     ᥩ)  ⮫. ࠬ  ᪠, ᢥ饭
   ᭠㦨 ᮫ ᢥ⮬,   ਠ Raytrace 
   ࠬ஬ "Translucency" ॣ㫨஢ 䥪 ᢥ稢
   ⥭.
   ᫥ ᥣ 襮ᠭ ⠥   ࠢ୮
   饣 ᢥ饭,   ॣ㫨஢ "Multiplier"  
   筨 ᢥ,  ࠬ஬ "Tint"  ன
   "Environment".

A:  ⢥: Sergey Bubnov
   C  ᮣᥭ,   - .  3DS Max
   ॠ쭮  ଠ ⥭ ஭ 쥪.  
   "Ambient"   ⠢ - ॠ쭮 ᬮ,  ᫨
   ᢥ⫨ -    ⥬묨 ஭ 쥪⮢ ࠧ
   ᮢ⭮ ᢥ⫥  ࠢ쭮 .  襫  ⮩ 樨
   ⥩訩 室. ᥣ ᯮ "Omni"  
   ⨯஬, ⠢   ⨢  ଠ쭮
   筨 ᢥ ஭!  梥⮢     ⨢,
   ॣ㫨 "Attenuation". 쭮 ਫ ⥭  ⥭ 
   . ,    筨 ᢥ, 祭 
    ⥭ "Omni"  樨,  뢠 ⥭  
   筮  室!

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
8-1-2
Q: ஢   /⨫.

A:  ⢥: Eugene Kurtukov
   । ⮤ ஢   䥪⨢  ,
   뭥 饣  嬥୮ 䨪.    ᢮,
   拉,   ⮢⥫쭮 ⠯  㤮 
   ४⨢   ,  ਡ  ᫮ .
    ࠡ ॡ   ਠ - ⨫,
   ...
   1. ᪮쪮   ᮡ⢥ ᯮᮡ  ,
        .  ⮬ ⠯  ⮨ 㢫
      譥 ⠫樥 - 饭 ଠ,   ,  
      ⨬ 㢨  饬.
   2. 室    祭 ⮭ , ( ᯮ짮
      ᪨ ,  ࠡ  ⨫,  롮  
      ),   ⮪    ,  
      , ⭮ ࠧ१  ਧ⠫.
      , ⮡ ࠧ१  ஢   뫮 ""  
      ࠧ१.
   3. ਬ  楤  ᥬ ମࠧ騬 窠,
      ⮫쪮 ࠧ, ᪮쪮 ॡ  .
   4. ⥬ ᮡ  ࠧ१    楫, 
      祭 ।⥫쭮 ஫ 㬠,  㬠
      ⭮ १,  㯨  ⮢ ࠡ⪥.
   5.  砭  த ࠧ.  ࠣ 
       筥,  ࠭讬   ஭ १.
      祭 㭮  "ਢ", ஭㬥஢ , 
      ९⠢  ⮬ 祣, ᪠஢.
   6. ⥬, ᭮ 頥  ⨫ த.
      ࠥ    楫     ࠧ१ - 
      ⨪.  ࠭讬  砥  
      ࠧ१.
   7. 㥬.
   8. 㦠 . (₥, , 3Dstudio, Word, GoldEdit...
       ,   㤮 ᥣ)
   9.   .   ᪠஢ ⨭ (
      ,   १ 祭 ᢮ 梥⮬),  (
      ⨪쭮 ࠧ१) 筮 ,    "襩".
      ⨭ ॢ頥  ਢ  㤮   ᯮᮡ.
       .
    㦥  ࠡ  ᮢ襭⢮ 襩 
   ।⢠ ,  ஬  ࠡ⠥. ।
   ࠢ訩  3DS Max. :)

   ,  ⠪ ஡ ᠭ,  ...   
   ᮢ. ⠪:
     뢠 .   砥   3DS Max v2.
      ⨢  "Front".
     㦠 ஢ ⨭ ( "Views"->"Background image"
     -> "files" -> 室 㦭 ⨭ -> ⠢ 
     ⨢ "display background" ->   "").
     ⥬    㬥⮢ "Shapes" -> ᮧ NGon,
        䨪஢, ⠬ ᢠ  㦭
     ⢮ 設,  㤥 ⠢   "ircular".
     .
          Edit Spline.   設,
     塞  襬 _ࢮ_ ᮢ  ᪠஢
     㭪 ("ᯫ").
     ⥬,  ⨢   ६饭 ⮫쪮  
     "Y",    Shift ,  ᪠ ,  
     ᯫ. ਬ "".
     㥬...  ⠪ .
     ⥬  Background 頥 ⨭ ⨪쭮 ࠧ१,
      ࠧ頥  ᯫ ᮣ᭮ ⪠, ᤥ묨  
     㬠.
     롨ࠥ __ ᯫ. ( "Sub-Object"- ⨢.)
       "Attach"  롨ࠥ ன ᯫ.
      ⠪ ,  ᥬ.
     ⥬,   䨪஢, 饬  "CrossSection" -
       ( ᭠砫 ⠭ plug-in "Surface Suite").
       ᯫ  ⨪ . , !
      , 饬  "Surface",    ࠥ 
     १.
      ࠧ, 祭 , 㯥 ᥬ 䨪ࠬ 
     ,    ࠡ   ᮢ襭⢮. 
     㦥 ।⢠ ணࠬ.
        ,   ⠯ ।஢ ᯫ,
     (㦥 ᫥ ᥣ)    來.   ᫮ 
     "ࠪ⨢" :)

   .  㤠,     .

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
8-1-3
Q: ࠢ  ࠦ  ꥪ⮢,  ?

A:  ⢥: Gendri Cour
   ।⠢ 㭮 襩 .   ᫥ ࠢ,
   䥪  頥 ࠧ ᨫ쭥, 祬 ⠬,  
    ࠢ .  ࠢ  鸞 
     ਢ筮,  ⢥,  ⮬ ᫥
   த ࠢ  ।  ᭨ ᫥ ࠢ
      ,  ᢮, 祬  
   ஭.
   㬥,    ਢ窥    ⥭  뫮 
    ⨥ 䥪   ࠦ. 筮 ⠪  
   ਭ  ᢥ    ⢥, 祬
    ᭨ .

    ᮯ⠢   䠪⮢  뢥  ࠢ
    ࠦ  ꥪ⮢:
      ࠧ⥫쭮 ।   㭪 室,
     ⮡  뫮 ࠢ ᫥ ࠢ  ᢥ , ..
         孥 㣫  ࠢ .
     Hࠢ , ⭮ 㪠, 㤥
     ਭ ⥫쭮   ஥, 㤭.

   ⢥ ஫  ࠦ  ࠥ 饥
   ᯮ  ꥪ⮢ 㭪  । ࠭ ⨭ ,
    ⭮, ⮯ 饣 ।. ᬠਢ
   ⨭,  ᫥   ஢ ,  ன 
   ꥪ. ᫨    ᥪ 㣨  (⢮
   ॢ쥢,  ࠤ, ⮫  ..),   ᬠਢ
   㭪 㤥 몠  ,  蠥  .
   筮 ⠪  饭 ,  ᮡ ண, 
   , ᫨ 騩 । ᯮ   
   ࠦ,  ᫥ த ࠢ   
     ( 㯨ࠥ  ࠩ 㭪).

    ࠧ,  ᤥ ᫥騩 뢮:  ⥫쭮
   饭   㭪 । ࠦ 饣
   ꥪ   ⠢ 筮 讥 ࠭⢮,
   ᢮  , ᥪ ࠢ , - ..
   襥, 祬  ࠦ ꥪ.

   ⥫쭮   ९ ,
   ࠢ襭 樨. ஡㥬 ࠧ  ⮬ 
   ஡. ᫨ ᬠਢ  ࠦ  ⥬ ⭠,
   ࠧ饭  ᢥ⫮ 䮭, , , ᢥ ⭠ 
   ⥬ 䮭,  , , ᫨  ⭠ ᯮ  
   ࠦ ࠢ୮ (㯯஢  -  
   ஭), 㭮 ந ⫥ ⮩稢,
   ࠢ襭. ୮ ᯮ ⮭ ⥭
   뢠 饭 ⮩稢, ⠡쭮, 祬 ᮢᥬ
   易⥫쭮, ⮡ ⭠ 뫨 묨   
   ⮭쭮  ࠧࠬ. H讥  ࠧ,  筮 ⥬
   ⭮, 室饥    ᭨,  ﭨ ⥫쭮
   ࠢ 楫 㯯  ᮡ ⥬ ⥭,
   㯯஢  ⨢ ஭ ࠦ.  ⮬
   祭   ᫮ 稬 ⥭. , ਬ, 
   祫,    ᫮ 業⮬, ॡ 
   ᯥ祭 ࠢ襭 樨 ࠧ饭 
   ⨢  㭪 筮 㯭  ࠧ
   ⮭ ⥭  ⭮  ⠫ ࠦ.

    ⬥,  , ⮭쭮 ᡠ஢,
   ⮩稢 樨  ਣ  ।  ꥪ
   㭪. ࠧ  䥪⨢ ந 
   ࠢ襭,   祭 樨,  
   ꥪ ᬥ饭  ஭  ᪮ 業 ࠦ.
   ᪮  ஭㫨  । ⥭  ᪮
   ࠦ  㯮㫨  ⮩稢 樨, ᬮਬ
     ᪨ (᪨)  ᪨
   (᫮) ࠢᨥ.
    設⢥ 砥 ࠢ襭, ᡠ஢ 樨
   ⥫쭮 ਭ ⥫쭮 , 祬 ࠢ襭.
   H ⮩稢묨  樨,   ᪠
   ࠢ襭 ᮢ  ᪮, , 묨 ᫮,
     (  ⢥) ꥪ ࠦ
   ᯮ  業 㭪   ⮭ ⭠ 㭮
    ࠢ襭.  ⮬ 砥  ⪠ ஢,
    ࠭ 㭪 祭  㤠.
    ⮩稢, ࠢ襭 樨  ਭ
   ⥫쭮  , ࠧ⥫, ᪮   
   ७ , 殮. ᭥  ਢ⥫쭥
   룫  ࠦ,     ᪮,
    ᪮ ࠢᨥ.  ⮩ 裡 ।⠢
   ।  ⥯  ࠭⢠ 㭪
   ⮭묨 ⭠  ﬨ. ६   ।
   ࠦ 譨 ।, 騥  , 
    稢 १ , 㯮 ࠦ.
   祭   ⮣䨨   ᭨  ᮬ,
   ࠧ⥫쭮     ⠥ ⮩,
   .  ࠢ  訡  ᮢ 
   ४   㭮 ⪨ ॢ쥢:  ᮢ
   த᪮  - - ⥪ ⠫  .. 
   ⠫    ६ १ ࠦ묨,  ᥣ
   ⥫쭮, ⮡  뫨 ⥬, 祬 ࠦ 쭨 ,
    ભ ⮭ ᯥ⨢.

    㦥 ਫ,  롮 ᮮ⭮襭 ஭ 㭪 뢠
   । 宫᪮ ⢨  ⥫. 設⢮
   ⠢  㧥  ⨭  ⥭ 㤮
    ᮮ⭮襭 ஭  2:3  3:4. ࠦ
   ਧ⠫쭮 ଠ ( ᪫祭 ⮢) ࠧ ,
   祬 ⨪쭮. ८ ਧ⠫ ࠦ 
   ⨪묨   - ਧ⠫   
   ॠ쭮   .

=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
